财务报表分析(英文版)

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1、.A.MeasuringBusinessIncomea.explainwhyfinancialstatementsarepreparedattheendoftheregularaccountingperiod.MajorFinancialStatements:·Thebalancesheet:providesa"snapshot"ofthefirm'sfinancialcondition.·Theincomestatement:reportsonthe"performance"ofthefirm.·Thestatementof

2、cashflows:reportsthecashreceiptsandcashoutflowsclassifiedaccordingtooperating,investmentandfinancingactivities.·Thestatementofstockholder'sequity:reportstheamountsandsourcesofchangesinequityfromtransactionswithowners.·Thefootnotesofthefinancialstatements:allowusesto

3、improveassessmentoftheamount,timinganduncertaintyoftheestimatesreportedinthefinancialstatements.Themostaccuratewaytomeasuretheresultsofenterpriseactivitywouldbetomeasurethematthetimeoftheenterprise'seventualliquidation.Business,government,investors,andvariousotherus

4、ergroups,however,cannotwaitindefinitelyforsuchinformation.Ifaccountantsdidnotprovidefinancialinformationperiodically,someoneelsewould.Theperiodicityortimeperiodassumptionsimplyimpliesthattheeconomicactivitiesofanenterprisecanbedividedintoartificialtimeperiods.Theset

5、imeperiodsvary,butthemostcommonaremonthly,quarterly,andyearly.word范文.Theinformationmustbereliableandrelevant.Thisrequiresthatinformationmustbeconsistentandcomparableovertimeandalsobeprovidedonatimelybasis.Theshorterthetimeperiod,themoredifficultitbecomestodeterminet

6、hepropernetincomefortheperiod.Amonth'sresultsareusuallylessreliablethanaquarter'sresults,andaquarter'sresultsarelikelytobelessreliablethanayear'sresults.Investorsdesireanddemandthatinformationbequicklyprocessedanddisseminated;yetthequickertheinformationisreleased,th

7、emoreitissubjecttoerror.Thisphenomenonprovidesaninterestingexampleofthetrade-offbetweenrelevanceandreliabilityinpreparingfinancialdata.·Inpractice,financialreportingisdoneattheendoftheaccountingperiod.Accountingperiodscanbeanylengthintime.Firmstypicallyusetheyearast

8、heprimaryaccountingperiod.The12-monthaccountingperiodisreferredtoasthefiscalyear.Firmsalsoreportforperiodslessthanayear(e.g.quarterly)onan