财务报表分析（英文版本）

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1、A.MeasuringBusinessIncomea.explainwhyfinancialstatementsarepreparedattheendoftheregularaccountingperiod.MajorFinancialStatements:·Thebalancesheet:providesa"snapshot"ofthefirm'sfinancialcondition.矚慫润厲钐瘗睞枥庑赖。·Theincomestatement:reportsonthe"performance"ofthefirm.聞創沟燴鐺

2、險爱氇谴净。·Thestatementofcashflows:reportsthecashreceiptsandcashoutflowsclassifiedaccordingtooperating,investmentandfinancingactivities.残骛楼諍锩瀨濟溆塹籟。·Thestatementofstockholder'sequity:reportstheamountsandsourcesofchangesinequityfromtransactionswithowners.酽锕极額閉镇桧猪訣锥。·Thefo

3、otnotesofthefinancialstatements:allowusestoimproveassessmentoftheamount,timinganduncertaintyoftheestimatesreportedinthefinancialstatements.彈贸摄尔霁毙攬砖卤庑。Themostaccuratewaytomeasuretheresultsofenterpriseactivitywouldbetomeasurethematthetimeoftheenterprise'seventualliqui

4、dation.Business,government,investors,andvariousotherusergroups,however,cannotwaitindefinitelyforsuchinformation.Ifaccountantsdidnotprovidefinancialinformationperiodically,someoneelsewould.謀荞抟箧飆鐸怼类蒋薔。Theperiodicityortimeperiodassumptionsimplyimpliesthattheeconomicact

5、ivitiesofanenterprisecanbedividedintoartificialtimeperiods.Thesetimeperiodsvary,butthemostcommonaremonthly,quarterly,andyearly.厦礴恳蹒骈時盡继價骚。Theinformationmustbereliableandrelevant.Thisrequiresthatinformationmustbeconsistentandcomparableovertimeandalsobeprovidedonatime

6、lybasis.Theshorterthetimeperiod,themoredifficultitbecomestodeterminethepropernetincomefortheperiod.Amonth'sresultsareusuallylessreliablethanaquarter'sresults,andaquarter'sresultsarelikelytobelessreliablethanayear'sresults.Investorsdesireanddemandthatinformationbequi

7、cklyprocessedanddisseminated;yetthequickertheinformationisreleased,themoreitissubjecttoerror.Thisphenomenonprovidesaninterestingexampleofthetrade-offbetweenrelevanceandreliabilityinpreparingfinancialdata.茕桢广鳓鯡选块网羈泪。·Inpractice,financialreportingisdoneattheendoftheac

8、countingperiod.Accountingperiodscanbeanylengthintime.Firmstypicallyusetheyearastheprimaryaccountingperiod.The12-monthaccountingperiodisref