语言学教程考试

《语言学教程考试》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。

1、第一题名词解释1.Linguistics:Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.2.Phonetics:Thestudyofsoundswhichareusedinlinguisticcommunicationiscalledphonetics.3.Phonology:Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedincommunicationiscalledphonology.4.Morpheme:M

2、orphemeisthesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguage.5.Reference:Referencemeanswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,physicalworld;itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.6.Semantics:Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageiscalleds

3、emantics.7.Pragmatics:Thestudyofmeaningincontextofuseiscalledpragmatics.8.Freemorpheme:Freemorphemearethemorphemeswhichareindependentunitsofmeaningandcanbeusedfreelyallbythemselvesorincombinationwithothermorphemes.9.Componentialanalysis:Componentialanalysisisaw

4、aytoanalyzewordmeaning.Itwasproposedbystructuralsemanticists.10.Cooperativeprinciple:Itisageneralprinciplewhichallparticipantsareexpectedtoobserve.Therearefourmaximsunderthecooperativeprinciple:themaximofquantitythemaximofquality,themaximofrelationandthemaximof

5、manner.第二题填空1.Chomskydefines“competence”astheidealuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage.2.Ofallthespeechorgans,thetongueisthemostflexible,andisresponsibleforvarietiesofarticulationthananyother.3.“Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet”.ThisquotationfromShakespea

6、reillustratesthatlanguagehasthedesignfeatureofarbitrariness.4.Thedifferencebetweenaconsonantandavowelliesinwhetherthereisairobstructionintheproductionofthem.5.Phonologyisadisciplinewhichstudiesthesystemofsoundsofaparticularlanguageandhowsoundsarecombinedintomea

7、ningfulunitstoeffectlinguisticcommunication.6.Asentenceisastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofwordstoformacompletestatement,questionorcommand.7.Majorlexicalcategoriesareopencategoriesinthesensethatnewwordsareconstantlyadded.8.Thereareoftenin

8、termediateformsbetweenthetwomembersofapairofgradableantonyms.1.Anillocutionaryactistheactofexpressingthespeaker’sintention;itistheactperformedinsayingsomething.2.Therearefou