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1、Summary4ofEnglishLiterature•ChapterSixTheModernPeriodBackgroundInformation:•Inthesecondhalfofthe19thcenturyandtheearlydecadesofthe20thcentury,bothnaturalandsocialsciencesinEuropehadenormouslyadvanced.Thetwoworldwarsdestroyedpeople’sfaithintheVictorianvaluesandgaverisetoallkindsofphilosophi
2、calideasinWesternEurope.•Modernismroseoutofskepticismanddisillusionofcapitalism.ItbeganwiththeFrenchSymbolisminthelate19thcentury.Towardsthe1920s,differentliterarytrendsofmodernismconvergedintoamightytorrentofmodernistmovement.MajorfiguresassociatedwiththismovementwereKafka,Picasso,Pound,E
3、liot,JoyceandVirginiaWoolf.•AftertheSecondWorldWar,avarietyofmodernism,orpost-modernism,likeexistentialistliterature,theateroftheabsurd,newnovelsandblackhumor,rosewiththespuroftheexistentialistideathat“theworldwasabsurd,andthehumanlifewasanagony.•Modernismtakestheirrationalphilosophyandthe
4、theoryofpsycho-analysisasitstheoreticalbase.Themajorthemesofthemodernistliteraturearethedistorted,alienatedandillrelationshipsbetweenmanandnature,manandsociety,manandman,andmanandhimself.•Modernism,isinmanyrespects,areactionagainstrealism.DramaintheModernPeriod•Themostcelebrateddramatistsi
5、nthelastdecadeofthe19thcenturywereOscarWilde(TheImportanceofBeingEarnest)andGeorgeBernardShaw,whopioneeredthemoderndrama.•Shawisconsideredtobethebest-knownEnglishdramatistsinceShakespeare,whoseworksareexamplesoftheplayinspiredbysocialcriticism.HisrepresentativeworksareWidower’sHouses《鳏夫之家》
6、,Mrs.Warren’sProfession《华伦夫人的职业》andHeartbreakHouse《伤心之屋》.PoetryinTheModernPeriod•The20thcenturywitnessedagreatachievementinEnglishpoetry.TheearlypoemsofEzraPoundandT.S.EliotandYeats’maturedpoetrymarkedtheriseof“modernpoetry,”whichwas,insomesense,arevolutionagainsttheconventionalideasandfor
7、msoftheVictorianpoetry.WilliamButlerYeats威廉·巴特勒·叶芝(1865~1939)•Irishpoetanddramatist,thecentralpoetofmodernliterature•Hisfamerestschieflywithhisshorterpoemsandlyrics.T.S.EliotconsideredhimtobethegreatestEnglish-speakingpoetofhisage.•Thethreemajorconcernsofhisli
