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1、英语中定语从句难点透析汉中市委党校王珂在函授《英语》第二册中，讲到定语从句这个语法，我这里把难点作一分析、归纳。定语从句是修饰某一名词或代词的从句，起形容词的作用。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有when,where,why等。关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如：Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyf
2、atherisapoliceman. 该句中，whois shakinghandswithmyfather是定语从句，修饰先行词theman，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词theman，在定语从句中作主语。关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句在课本中已作详细讲解，不再赘述，这里主要谈其特殊用法一、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。例如⒈Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheonce
3、studiedisveryfamous.他曾经就读过的学校很出名。⒉TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazine(which/that)youaskedfor.TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.明天我将把你要的杂志带来。⒊Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtennisyesterday.这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。⒋We’llgotohear
4、thefamoussinger(whom/who/that)wehaveoftentalkedabout.We’llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/who/that)wehaveoftentalkedabout.我们将去听那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家演唱。⒌ThemanagerwhosecompanyIworkinpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.ThemanagerinwhosecompanyIworkpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingo
5、urworkingconditions我工作的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。【注意】①含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。例如：ⅰThisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor. (正) 这是我正在找的手表。ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(误)ⅱThebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy. (正)
6、那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy.（误）②若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who,that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。例如ⅰThemanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour. (正) 你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居。Themanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour. (误)ⅱThep
7、laneinwhichweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable. (正)我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒服。TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable. (误)③“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。如：ⅰHeloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim. 他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。ⅱInthe
8、baskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.
