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1、定语从句中的特殊用法定语从句是起定语作用的,修饰,说明名词,代词或句子内容的从句,被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。引导定语从句,并在句中担任成分的词叫做关系代词或关系副词。定语从句是高考常考内容之一,使用时要尤其注意以下十种特殊用法。一、只用that不用which的情况1、 当先行词是all, little, few, much, something,everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。如:Everything that happened then was like a nightmare.当时发生的一切就像是一场噩
2、梦。I will tell him all that you told me at the ball.我要把你在舞会上跟我说的话全都告诉他。2、 当先行词被only, any, few, little, no, all, just,very(恰好的,表示强调)等词修饰时。例如:The only thing that we could do was to wait.我们能做的只是等待。That’s the very thing that we can do.那正是我们能做的事。3、当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。例如:The f
3、irst place that we visited was the Great Wall.我们参观的第一个地方是长城。This is the best novel that I have ever read.这是我看过的最好的小说。4、被修饰词为数词时。例如:Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two that are still alive. 昨天我捉到了两条鱼,把它们放在一盆水里。 你可以看到那两条鱼还活着呢。 5、主句是There
4、 be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词修饰物。例句:There’s still a room that is free.还有一个空房间。6、先行词中同时包括人和物时。例如:We talked about the people and the villages that we remembered.我们谈论了我们记得的人和村子。He asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.他问起他去过的这几家工厂和工人的情况。7、当主句中有who, which时,而定语从句中也要用到who或
5、which时,为了避免who…who, which…which等重叠,定语从句要用that引导。例如:Who is the man that is standing by the door? 站在门边的那个男人是谁?Which of the two cows that you keep produces more milk? 你养的那两头奶牛中哪一个产奶多?8、人或物在定语从句中表语时,用that引导定语从句,而that通常也可以省略。例如:He is no longer the man that he was.他不再是过去的他。二、修饰物时只用which不用th
6、at的情况1、 引导非限制性定语从句时。例如:Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.竹子是空心的,这使得他很轻。2、 当关系词前有介词时。例如:This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived.这就是毛主席曾经住过的地方。3、在一个句子中有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which。例如:5 Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly
7、 open to us.我来给你看我从新开的图书馆里借来的那本小说。4、当关系代词后面有插入语时。例如:Here is the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.这就是我跟你说过的会有助于你学好英语的那本英语语法书。5、先行词为that时。例如:The clock is that which can tell us the time.钟是报时的装置。三、修饰人时只用who不用that的情况1、先行词为one, ones, anyone, those指代
8、人时。如: