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ID:47375991
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页数:11页
时间:2020-01-10
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1、.ExercisestoLinguistics外语系黄永亮..Chapter1InvitationtoLinguistics1.Definethefollowingterms:Langue:Languereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.Parole:parolereferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.Prescriptive:Prescriptiveanddescriptivere
2、presenttwodifferenttypesoflinguisticstudy.ifthelinguisticstudyaimstolaydownrulesfor“correctandstandard”behaviourinusinglanguage,i.e.totellpeoplewhattheyshoulddayandwhattheyshouldnotsay,itissaidtobeprescriptive.Descriptive:Prescriptiveanddescriptiverepresenttwodifferenttyp
3、esoflinguisticstudy.Ifalinguisticstudyaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobedescriptive;competence:Chomskydefinescompetenceastheidealuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage.Performance:Chomskydefinesperformancetheactualrealizationofthisknowledgei
4、nlinguisticcommunication.Synchronic:Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointoftimeinhistoryisasynchronicstudy;Diachronic:Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisadiachronicstudy.Linguistics:Linguisticsmaybedefinedasthesystematic(orscientific)studyoflanguage.language:
5、Languageisaformofhumancommunicationbymeansofasystemofsymbolsprincipallytransmittedbyvocalsounds.”2.Doesthetrafficlightsystemhaveduality,why?No.Nodiscreteunitsonthefirstlevelthatcanbecombinedfreelyinthesecondleveltoformmeaning.Thereisonlysimpleonetoonerelationshipbetweensi
6、gnsandmeaning,namely,re-stop,green-goandyellow-getreadytogoorstop.3.Communicationcantakemanyforms,suchassign,speech,bodylanguageandfacialexpression.Dobodylanguageandfacialexpressionshareorlackthedistinctivepropertiesofhumanlanguage?Lessarbitrary,lackduality,lesscreative,l
7、imitedrepertoire,emotional-oriented.4.Whyiscompetenceandperformanceanimportantdistinctioninlinguistics?AccordingtoChomsky,alanguageuser’sunderlyingknowledgeaboutthesystemofrulesiscalledhislinguisticcompetence.Andperformancereferstotheactualenablesaspeakertoproduceand..und
8、erstandanindefinitenumbersofsentencesandtorecognizegrammaticalmistakesandambiguities.Aspeaker’sc
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