法律专业毕业论文外文翻译3

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1、LawandFactinPatentLitigation:FormversusFunction*法律和事实在专利诉讼屮是形式还是功能ThomasG・Field,Jr.IntroductionRecentl%theSupremeCourtsentDennisonMfg.v.PanduitCorp・backtotheCourtofAppealsfortheFederalCircuit(CAFC).Itremandedwithexplicitdirectionsthatthelowercourtconsidertheextentt

2、owhichFed.R.Civ.P.52(a)governsappellatereviewofnonobviousnessdeterminations.介绍：最近，最高法院驳冋了丹尼森Mfg.诉泛达公司的案件至联邦巡冋法院(CAFC)O它的驳回带有鲜明的特征，即在考虑了《美国联邦民法》第52页小所规定的审查基层法院上诉的非显而易见的程度后才发回重审。Onremand,theCAFCshouldattempttorelatetheissuetothescopeofreviewforotherissuesthatariseinp

3、atentappeals.Neitherthenarrownorthebroadproblemhaseverreceivedtheattentionitdeserves—particularlyfromthestandpointofthefundamentallaw/factdichotomy.在发回重审时，联邦巡冋法院应该尝试在专利上诉时联系它的复审范围。但是无论是狭义还是广义的问题都没有得到它应有的重视——特别是基本的法律/事实二分法上的观点。Itisbynomeanscertainthatnonobviousnessd

4、eterminationsshouldbetreatedasquestionsoflaw.Nevertheless,thereisampleevidencethatcourtsseektoreviewthesefindingsmoreintenselythanwouldbeappropriateforquestionsoffactunder"clearlyerroneous"or"substantialevidence”standards.Thispaperarguesthat,ifthecourtsareinclinedt

5、opersistinmoreintensereviewofnonobviousness,twoothermattersneedtobeconsidered:First,whethermoreliberalreviewshouldbeextendedtoallquestionsconcerningpatentvalidity,and,second,whethersuchreviewshouldbeconductedundera“constitutionalfact"doctrine.这绝不是说专利的非显而易见性裁定应作为法律问

6、题来对待。然而，现在有充分证据说明法院将更严格地审查这些带有明显错误或者充足证据这么一个层次的审判结果。本文讨论的是，如果法院都倾向于对专利的非显而易见性坚持更严格的审查，则另外两个问题需要考虑：第一，审查是否应当扩大到所有涉及专利的有效性审查，而且，第二,审查是否应根据“宪制上的事实”原则来进行。Theformerwouldaddressapparentinconsistenciesinthecurrentlaw,andthelatterwouldallowappellatecourtsanexpandedrole(fun

7、ction)withoutundulyconfusingterminology(form).前者将解决现行法律明显不一致,而后者则允许上诉法院的一个更大的作用(功能)，而不会出现过度混乱的专业术语(形式)。TheLaw/FactDichotomy法律/事实二分理论Themostdirectlyrelevantprecedentgoverningappellatereviewofpatentlitigationiscryptic.QuotedinthepercuriamdecisionthatremandsDennison,I

8、tconsistsofonesenteneefromtheCourt'sdecisioninGrahamv.JohnDeereCo.:"Whiletheultimatequestionofpatentvalidityisoneoflaw,...the§103condition…lendsi