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1、组织学与胚胎学HISTOLOGY&EMBRYOLOGY霍冠华HuoGuanhua滨州医学院组织学与胚胎学教研室DepartmentofHistology&EmbryologyBinzhouMedicalUniversitySeptember,2013第1章绪论Chapter1IntroductionHistology&Embryologyiscomposedof2relatedsciences.一、组织学与胚胎学的研究内容及意义ThecontentsandimportanceofH&E组织学（histology）:是研究机体微细结构及其相关功能的科学。在组织、细
2、胞、亚细胞和分子水平对机体进行研究Ascience:studynormalmicro-structure&itsrelatedfunctionofhumanbody.光镜结构:Microstructure电镜结构:Ultrastructure描述组织学与描述胚胎学descriptivehistology&embryology：用显微镜观察人体组织结构和胚胎发生过程形态演变的科学。Descriptivehistology&embryology：Observeshumantissuestructuresandtheprocessofembryogenesisandt
3、hedevelopment.比较组织学与比较胚胎学comparativehistologyandembryology:比较不同种系动物的组织结构功能和胚胎发育过程的科学。Comparativehistologyandembryology:Comparestissuestructureandtheprocessofembryogenesisandthedevelopmentindifferentspecies.实验组织学与实验胚胎学experimentalhistologyandembryology：应用实验方法研究细胞与组织之间的关系，以及理化因子或生物因素对组
4、织结构功能和生长发育的影响、作用机理及其防治的科学。Experimentalhistology：Studiestherelationshipbetweencellsandtissuesinvivo.Experimentalembryology:Studiesthemechanismscontrollingtheindividualdevelopmentofanimals,evenhumanbeing,bymeansofexperimentsinvivo,usingsuchmethodsasmarking,removal,transplantation,andis
5、olationofbodypartsandorgans.Italsostudiestheactionofvariousexternalfactors(physical,chemicalorbiologicalfactors)onembryonicdevelopment,andexplorescontrolorpreventionmethods.Experimentalembryologyidentifiesthestagesofthedeterminationofthematerialofrudimentaryorgansandtissues,thesource
6、sofformativeorinductiveinfluences,theroleofsynthesisofmacromoleculesintheprocessesofdeterminationanddifferentiation,andthefactorsresponsibleformorphogenesis.Byremoving,inactivating,ortransplantingcellnuclei,experimentalembryologistsinvestigatetheinteractionofthenucleusandcytoplasmdur
7、inggametogenesisandembryonicdevelopment,aswellasthestagesandfactorsofdifferentialactivationofgenesinthecourseofdevelopment.-致病、致畸、致突变、致癌Pathogenicitytest,teratologytest,mutagenictestandcarcinogenicitytest分子生物学和分子胚胎学molecularbiologyandmolecularembryology:从分子水平研究生命活动的物质基础及其异常变化的科学。Mole
8、cularbiology
