英美文学期末复习

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1、第一课1.这段时间的历史背景：（1）TheearlyinhabitantsontheislandwenowcalledEnglandwereBritons(atribeofCelts).（2）三次主要的侵略：a.TheRomanConquest.(In55B.C.,BritainwasinvadedbytheRomangeneralJuliusCaesar.In410,theRomansabandonedtheisland,whichmarkstheendof“RomanConquest”(55B.C.—410

2、A.D.)b.theEnglish(Anglo-Saxons)Conquestaround449.(EnglandwasinvadedbythreeGermanic(Teutonic)tribes:theAngles,theSaxonsandtheJutes,whocamefromtheNortheastofEurope.TheAnglo-SaxoninvadersestablishedsomesmallkingdomsinBritainwhichbythe7thcenturywerecombinedintoa

3、UnitedKingdomcalledEngland(thelandofAngles).ItspeoplewerecalledtheEnglish.ThethreedialectsspokenbythemnaturallygrewintoasinglelanguagecalledAnglo-Saxon,orOldEnglish.古英语到NormanConquest结束，itistheancestoroftheModernEnglish)c.theNormanConquestin1066(3)TheAnglo-S

4、axonperiodwitnessedatransitionfromatribalsocietytofeudalism.2.术语：（1）epic：It’salongnarrativepoemcelebratingthegreatdeedsofoneormorelegendaryheroes,majesticinthemeandstyle.（史诗的例子：Homer’sEpics:IliadandOdyssey）（2）Alliteration(头韵)Therepetitionofsimilarsounds,usua

5、llyconsonantorconsonantclusters,inagroupofwords.Sometimesthetermislimitedtotherepetitionofinitialconsonantsounds.(Whenalliterationoccursatthebeginningofwords,itiscalledinitialalliteration;whenitoccurswithinwords,itiscalledinternalorhiddenalliteration.Itusual

6、lyoccursonstressedsyllables.)3.这一时期的文学：（1）Theliteratureofthisperiodfallsnaturallyintotwodivisions---paganandChristian.Twomajorgenres:poetryandprose（2）thepaganrepresentedbyBeowulfandtheChristianpoetryrepresentedbytheworksofCaedmonandCynewulf（Caedmonisthefirst

7、knownreligiouspoetofEngland.HeisknownasthefatherofEnglishsong.HewroteapoeticParaphraseoftheBible）（3）Anglo-Saxonliterature,ortheOldEnglishliteratureisalmostexclusivelyaverseliteratureinoralform.Itcouldbepasseddownbywordofmouthfromgenerationtogeneration.4.关于Be

8、owulf的一些信息：（1）TheSongofBeowulfistheoldestpoemintheEnglishlanguage,andalsotheoldestsurvivingepicintheEnglishlanguage.Thepoemconsistsof3182lines.ItisconsideredasthehighestachievementofOldEnglishli