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1、InntroductiontoREPUBLICOFUZBEKISTANFlagandStateEmblemofRepublicofUzbekistan1GeographyUzbekistanisacompletelylandlockedcountrylocatedintheCentralAsianregionoftheEurasialandmassintheEasternhemisphere.ItisslightlylargerthanCaliforniacovering447,400sqkm,borderingAfgha
2、nistaninthesouth,Kazakhstaninthenorth,Turkmenistaninthewest,andTajikistanandKyrgyzstanintheeast.TheAfghanborderistheshortest(137km),butmostguardedandwatched.Howeveritisstillporousduetothelackofresourcestomaintainadequatebordercontrolandthecorruptionofcustomofficia
3、ls.TheTajikistaniborderis1,161kmlongandisthesecondmostguardedincludingmeasureslikeunmarkedminefieldsoncertainstretchesandpermanentgarrisonsofSpecialForcesandNationalSecurityServicebattalioninadditiontotheregularborderguard.Stillitisreportedtobeporousandiscrossedre
4、gularlybysmugglers,drugtraffickersandterrorists.ThesameistruefortheborderwithKyrgyzstan,withwhichUzbekistanhasanunresolvedterritorialdispute,althoughtherearenoreportedminefieldsordeployments,otherthanborderguardsandcustoms.TheborderswithTurkmenistanandKazakhstanar
5、econsideredofnosecurityriskandhaveborderguardsandcustomsonlowestalert.ClimateTheclimateofmodernUzbekistanhasbeencharacterizedbyalotoffluctuationsduetothedryingoutofAralSea.Generallyitisextremelycontinental.Inazoneofdesertsandsteppescoveringalloftheplainarea,winter
6、isshort,snowisnotenough,anditthawsquickly,butsummerishot,long,dryanddusty.Autumniscoolandrainy.TheaveragetemperatureinJanuaryisfrom-12°C(10°F)inthenorthto+3°C(37°F)inthesouth,inJulyitrangesfrom26°C(79°F)inthenorthupto46°C(114°F)intheshadeinthesouth.Inthewestandnor
7、thwest,UzbekistanisnotprotectedfromhumidaircomingfromtheareaoftheVolgaRiverorfromtheNorthernCaucasusbringingextremelycoldsnapsinwinter.Insummertheseairmasses,movingoverthedeserts,aregettingwarmerand2driercausingalotofprecipitationinthemountainsofTian-ShanandPamiri
8、nthenortheastandeast.PrecipitationintheterritoryofUzbekistanisdistributedirregularlybecauseofthelocationoftherepublicinthedepthofthewidecontinentandthec
