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1、TheRiseofEurope:AtlanticTrade,InstitutionalChange,andEconomicGrowthByDARONACEMOGLU,SIMONJOHNSON,ANDJAMESROBINSON*TheriseofWesternEuropeafter1500isduelargelytogrowthincountrieswithaccesstotheAtlanticOceanandwithsubstantialtradewiththeNewWorld,Africa,andAsiavia
2、theAtlantic.ThistradeandtheassociatedcolonialismaffectedEuropenotonlydirectly,butalsoindirectlybyinducinginstitutionalchange.Whereinitialpoliticalinstitutions(thoseestablishedbefore1500)placedsignificantchecksonthemonarchy,thegrowthofAtlantictradestrengthenedm
3、erchantgroupsbyconstrainingthepowerofthemonarchy,andhelpedmerchantsobtainchangesininstitutionstoprotectpropertyrights.Thesechangeswerecentraltosubsequenteconomicgrowth.(JELF10,N13,O10,P10)TheworldweliveinwasshapedbytherapidThereislittleagreement,however,onwhy
4、thiseconomicgrowththattookplaceinnineteenth-growthtookplaceinWesternEuropeandwhycenturyWesternEurope.Theoriginsofthisitstartedinthesixteenthcentury.growthandtheassociatedIndustrialRevolutionThispaperestablishesthepatternsofeco-aregenerallyconsideredtolieinthe
5、economic,nomicgrowthinWesternEuropeduringthispolitical,andsocialdevelopmentofWesternera,developsahypothesisontheoriginsoftheEuropeovertheprecedingcenturies.Infact,riseof(Western)Europeandprovideshistoricalbetween1500and1800,WesternEuropeexpe-andeconometricevi
6、dencesupportingsomeofriencedahistoricallyunprecedentedperiodoftheimplicationsofthishypothesis.sustainedgrowth,perhapstheFirstGreatDi-Wedocumentthatthedifferentialgrowthofvergence(i.e.,thefirstmajorsustaineddiver-WesternEuropeduringthesixteenth,seven-genceininc
7、omepercapitaacrossdifferentteenth,eighteenth,andearlynineteenthcentu-regionsoftheworld),makingthisareasubstan-riesisalmostentirelyaccountedforbythetiallyricherthanAsiaandEasternEurope.growthofnationswithaccesstotheAtlanticOcean,andofAtlantictraders.Throughout
8、thepaper,thetermAtlantictraderreferstoBritain,France,theNetherlands,Portugal,andSpain,*Acemoglu:DepartmentofEconomics,MassachusettsIn-stituteofTechnology,E52-371,Cambridge,MA02142thenatio
