2中小企业金融创新策略

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2.中小企业金融创新策略Smallandmedium-sizedenterprisefinancialinnovationstrategyThespecificcontentofthefinancialinnovationsinclude:financialbusinessinnovation,innovationoffinancialmarketsandfinancialsysteminnovatioflInthisprocess,theintroductionof,ortocreateastate-of-the-artfinancialsystem,bankingandfinancialinstitutions,eliminatethedrawbacksofthetraditionalfinancialsectoroperations,andusherinabroaderspacefordevelopmentofthefinancialindustry.Financialinnovationtheconcretecontentincludes:financialbusinessinnovation,financialmarketinnovationandfinancialsysteminnovation・Inthisprocess,weshouldintroduceorcreateadvancedfinancialsystem,financialbusinessandfinancialinstitutions,toeliminatetheshortcomingsoftraditionalfinancialmanagement,forthedevelopmentoffinanceindustryhavemoreextensivespace.金创新是解决屮小企业融资问题的必要途径对融资困难的屮小企业而言，抓住目前金融创新的融机遇是一个必然选择。只有建立健全金融创新中的信用担保体系，发展新型金融机构，开拓新型金融产品，完善新型金融服务，并建立与之相适应的监督机制，才能使屮小企业走出融资难的困境。Financialinnovationisthefinancingofsmallandmediumenterprisestosolveproblemsnecessarymeansoffinancingdifficultiesofsmallandmedium-sizedenterpriseisconcerned,seizethecurrentfinancialinnovationopportunityisaninevitablechoice.Onlybyestablishingthefinancialinnovationofthecreditguaranteesystem,developmentofnewfinancialinstitutions,developnewfinancialproducts,improvethenewfinancialservices,andestablishingconespondingsupervisionmechanism,thencanmakethesmallandmedium-sizedenterpriseoutofthedifficultyinfinancingdifficulties.中小企业金融创新可从以卜•几个方面着手:Smallandmedium-sizedenterprisefinancialinnovationfromthefollowingseveralaspects:(1)信用担保体系的创新Creditguaranteesysteminnovation要解决中小企业信用缺失问题，应从建立健全企业信用评价、信用征集及信用发布等一系列制度入手，形成统一、权威、可靠的企业信息平台，改善不对称的信息环境。在贷款审批环节中，金融机构应针对中小企业的特点建立灵活的信用管理模式，通过贷款方式的创新，将金融风险控制在贷款前。应建立政府担保、商业担保与联合担保多种形式并行的担保机制，共同分担银行的借贷风险，提高银行放贷的积极性。要进一步降低贷款利率，加快放款速度，更多地依靠ITo同时应减少抵押，也减少担保，把业务量做足，并且寻求扩大杠杆，加快资产周 转的速度。此外，应积极建立再担保机构，通过贷款保险等业务的创新，为政策性担保机构提供风险补偿。Tosolvetheproblemofsmallandmedium-sizedenterprisecreditdeficiency,weshouldestablishandperfecttheenterprisecreditevaluation,creditsolicitationandcreditbyaseriesofsystem,theformationofaunified,authoritative,reliableenterpriseinformationplatform,improvetheasymmetricinformationenvironment.Intheloanexaminationandapprovallink,financialinstitutionsshouldbeaimedatthecharacteristicsofsmallandmedium-sizedenterprisestoestablishaflexiblecreditmanagementmode,throughloanmodeinnovation,willthefinancialriskcontrolinbeforetheloan.Shallestablishthegovernmentguaranteeandthecommercialguaranteeandjointguaranteevariousformsparallelguaranteemechanism,sharethebanklendingrisks,improvetheenthusiasmofbanklending.Tofurtherreducetheloaninterestrate,speedsuptheloanrate,moredependonIT.Atthesametimeshouldreducemortgage,butalsoreducetheguarantee,thetrafficdofoot,andseektoenlargelever,speedsuptheassetsturnoverspeed.Inaddition,shouldactivelyestablishre-guaranteeagencies,throughtheloaninsurancebusinessinnovation,policyguaranteeagenciestoprovideriskcompensation.（2）金融机构创新Financialinstitutioninnovation新型金融机构应与中小企业的规模相适应，并为其提供有特色的金融服务，大力发展屮小型银行和担保公司，特别是小额贷款公司等多种成分、多种形式的小规模金融机构，构建多层次金融机构体系。由于经营压力和制度局限，普通商业银行一般不愿意开展针对微小企业的融资业务。而基于金融市场合理分工的中小型银行和小贷公司可以弥补商业银行的市场缺位，开展针对性的金融服务。这一方面降低了中小企业的融资成本，增加了资金的流动性。且此类金融机构多带冇区威性，对当地屮小企业的了解较为深入，减少了由于信息不对称而产生的金融风险。Thenewfinancialinstitutionstosmallandmediumenterprisesshouldadapttothescale,andofferforitsdistinctivefinancialservices,vigorouslydevelopsmalland medium-sizedBanksandguaranteecompanies,especiallysmallloancompaniesandsoonthemanykindsofcomposition,variousformsofsmallfinancialinstitutions,constructingmulti-levelfinancialinstitutionsystem.Duetotheoperationpressureandsystemlimitations,ordinarycommercialBanksgenerallyunwillingtocarryoutaccordingtothesmallenterprisefinancingbusiness.Basedonthefinancialmarketandrationaldivisionoflaborofsmallandmedium-sizedBanksandsmallloancompaniescanmakeupfortheabsenceofcommercialbankmarket,carryoutthepertinenceoffinancialservices.Thishandreducedthesmallandmedium-sizedenterprisefinancingcost,increasedliquidity.Andmoresuchfinancialinstitutionswithregional,localsmallandmedium-sizedenterprisetounderstandmoredeeply,reducetheinformationasymmetryandproducethefinancialrisk.(3)金融产品的创新Financialproductinnovation针对中小企业对金融产品创新的需求，金融机构应考虑到其贷款频率高、金额小、需求急、缺乏抵押物等特点，扩大抵押范围，开发新型的融资工具。商业银行可尝试和扩大金融外包服务。国内有400()家小贷机构，这些金融机构业务灵活，成本和风险控制好，专业服务水准较高。长远來看，这些机构虽不可能是小微信贷的主要提供者，但是其具有发展成为为金融服务的主要提供者的巨大潜力。也就是说，小贷公司可以作为金融市场的中介，把金融服务嫁接到银行身上,为银行的便宜资金捉供寻找客户，审查贷款，办理文件，收回贷款等外包服务。DemandinnovationoffinancialproductsforSMEs,financialinstitutionsshouldtakeintoaccountthehighfrequencyoftheirloans,theamountissmall,urgentneeds,thelackofcollateraltoexpandmortgagerange,thedevelopmentofnewfinancinginstruments.Commercialbankstotryandexpandthefinancialoutsourcingservices.4000smallcreditinstitutionsinthesefinancialinstitutions,businessflexibility,costandriskcontrol,ahighlevelofprofessionalservices.Thelongrun,theseinstitutionscannotbethemainproviderofsmallmicro-credit,butithasdevelopedintotheenormouspotentialofthefinancialservicesprovide匚Thatis,asmallloancompanycanactastheintermediaryfinancialmarkets,thefinancialservicesgraftedontothebank,lookingforcustomers,cheapfundsforbanksreviewloantohandlefiles, recovertheloanandotheroutsourcingservices.Thentoforensicloans,forexample.ForensicloanthesellerwithBankissuedaccordingtothebankofthebuyerorthebuyerforensiccommitmentorotherpaymentundertaking,doesnotrequirecollateralfortheissuanceofthesellerwithshort-termworkingcapitalloans,lettersofcreditissuedoracceptadraft.Riskassessmentworkloadthisformofloans,thebankwillonlybeartheadvantagesofasmallerriskofSMEs,bothwithoutcollateralsavingsevaluationtime,reducefinancingcosts.Inaddition,youcanalsochooseafinancelease,intangiblecollateral,factoringfinancing,collectionentrustedloansandotherfinancialproductsinnovation.（4）金融服务的创新Financialserviceinnovation在金融服务的创新上，应首先发展金融机构与中小企业间的中间环节，尤其是投融资信息系统的建设。可以采用用信贷工厂的模式，批量培养四种专业型的微贷人员：专业的营销人员，专业的信用评级（现场调杳）人员，专业的审贷，专业的资产经营（包括处置）。在统一可靠的平台上发布政策法规、企业经营特点、信用信息以及丰富的金融产品信息，并应做到内容详实、更新及吋且具有可操作性，通过对相关信息的监控，防范信息不对称所带来的金融风险。在此基础上稳步发展政策咨询、理财服务等分支业务，指导中小企业的发展，并利用网络信息优势为中小企业提供管理培训和财务培训，通过提升企业的综合素质加强其抵抗风险的能力，提高贷款的安全性。最后，必须发展相关的配套法律法规，净化金融市场，改善屮小企业的融资环境。Financialservicesinnovation,thedevelopmentoftheintermediatelinksbetweenfinancialinstitutionsandSMEs,especiallyininvestmentandfinancingoftheconstructionofinfonnationsystems.Youcanbatchculturefourprofessionalmicroloanofficers:creditfactorymode,marketingprofessionals,professionalcreditrating(sitesurvey)personnel,professional审贷,professionalassetmanagement(includingdisposal).Releasepoliciesandregulationsinaunifiedandreliableplatform,businesscharacteristics,creditinformation,aswellasawealthoffinancial productinformation,informative,andshouldbeupdatedinatimelymannerandworkable,andrelatedinformationmonitoring,preventioninformationasymmctryfinancialrisks.Branchbusinessbasedonthesteadydevelopmentofpolicyadvice,financialservices,andtoguidethedevelopmentofSMEs,andtheuseofnetworkinformationsuperioritytoprovidemanagementtrainingandfinancialtrainingforSMEs,enhancetheoverallqualityoftheenterprisetoenhanceitsabilitytoresistrisks,improvesecurityforloans・Finally,itisnecessarytothedevelopmentofsupportinglawsandregulations,andtocleanupthefinancialmarkets,improvethefinancingenvironmentforSMEs.