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1、PNAS:研究人员发现〃减肥细菌"2013-05-16来源:生物360作者:koo2600近日,比利吋研究人员通过研究•种肠道细菌发现,含有这种细菌的液体培养基能大大改变肥胖老鼠的健康状况。相关研究报告发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上。比利时鲁汶天主教大学的研究人员给比正常老鼠的脂肪多两至三倍的老鼠喂了一种被称为Akkermansiamuciniphila的细菌,在不改变其饮食的悄况下,它们的多余体重减少了近一半,而且其体内II型糖丿求病的主要症状——胰岛素抗体水平——也降低了。这种细菌通常占肠道细菌的3-5%,但肥胖者体内这种细菌少。研究
2、显示,增加这种细菌导致肠道粘液屏障变厚,从而阻止某些物质从肠道进入血液,也改变了來自消化系统的化学信号,促使身体其他部位改变处理脂肪的方式。此外,在食物中添加一种纤维,促使这种细菌数最增加,也得到了同样的结果。鲁汶天主教大学教授帕特里斯•卡尼说:“这无疑是个进步。虽然我们还不能完全逆转肥胖,但大大减少了脂肪量。这首次显示了一个特定菌群•改善新陈代谢Z间的直接联系。”原文检索:BrianOwens.Gutmicrobemayfightobesityanddiabetes.Nature,13May2013;doi:10.1038/nature
3、.2013.12975AmandineEverard,ClaraBelzer,PatriceD.Canietal.Cross-talkbetweenAkkermansiamuciniphilaandintestinalepitheliumcontrolsdiet-inducedobesity.PNASMay13,2013;doi:10.1073/pnas.1219451110Cross-talkbetweenAkkermansiamuciniphilaandintestinalepitheliumcontrolsdiet-inducedo
4、besityAbstractObesityandtype2diabetesarecharacterizedbyalteredgutmicrobiota,inflammation,andgutbarrierdisruption.Microbialcompositionandthemechanismsofinteractionwiththehostthataffectgutbarrierfunctionduringobesityandtype2diabeteshavenotbeenelucidated.WerecentlyisolatedAk
5、kermansiamuciniphila,whichisamucin-degradingbacteriumthatresidesinthemucuslayer.Thepresenceofthisbacteriuminverselycorrelateswithbodyweightinrodentsandhumans.However,theprecisephysiologicalrolesplayedbythisbacteriumduringobesityandmetabolicdisordersareunknown.Thisstudydem
6、onstratedthattheabundanceofA.muciniphiladecreasedinobeseandtype2diabeticmice.WealsoobservedthatprebioticfeedingnormalizedA.muciniphilaabundance,whichcorrelatedwithanimprovedmetabolicprofile.Inaddition,wedemonstratedthatA.muciniphilatreatmentreversedhigh-fatdiet-inducedmet
7、abolicdisorders,includingfat-massgain,metabolicendotoxemia,adiposetissueinflammation,andinsulinresistance.A.muciniphilaadministrationincreasedtheintestinallevelsofendocannabinoidsthatcontrolinflammation,thegutbarrier,andgutpeptidesecretion.Finally,wedemonstratedthatallthe
8、seeffectsrequiredviableA.muciniphilabecausetreatmentwithheat-killedcellsdidnotimprovethemetaboli