language variation

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1、LanguageVariationOralPresentationof:WangJuan(Vivian)April29,2011ⅠMeaningoflanguagevariationEveryonespeaksatleastonelanguage,andprobablymostpeopleintheworldspeakmorethanone.EvenAmericans,mostofwhomspeakonlyEnglish,usuallyknowmorethanonedialect.Alldialectsstartwi

2、ththesamesystem,andtheirpartlyindependenthistoriesleavedifferentpartsoftheparentsystemintact.Whatdoyouthinkisthemeaningoflanguagevariation?Ⅱ.FormsoflanguagevariationA.RegionaldialectsMeaning：Aregionaldialectmarksofftheresidentsofoneregionfromthoseofothersregion

3、s..Examples:a.InIndonesiaLanguage(BahasaIndonesia),“Apa”(means“what”)iscalled[a’ba]inthecityofSurabaya;butitcalled[o’bo]inthecityofSemarangb.InChinesemandarin男male[nán]女famale[nǚ]InHuNanprovinceThepronounceof“男”[nán]is[lán]Thepronounceof“女”[nǚ]is[lǚ]c.Tagalog:I

4、t’srainingInCavite:NaulanInManila:UmuulanHowtocall“mother”and“father”inoneTagalogprovinceFather:TatayMother:NanayHowaboutinyourprovince?Howdoyousay“Iloveyou”inregionaldialectsinthePhilippines?CebuanoIlocanoBicolanoIlongoTagalogB.SocialdialectsMeaning：Asocialdia

5、lectwouldbeavarietyassociatedwithaspecificsocialclassorgroup,makingthatclassorgroupofffromothergroups.Example:TheGayLanguageWhat’sthemeaningof‘anda’?anda=moneyLuzValdez=LoseinthecontestⅢTheLinguisticvariableMeaning:Alinguisticvariableisalinguisticitemwhichhasid

6、entifiablevariants.Examples:(1)Singing----sometimespronouncedas”singin”.Fishing----sometimespronouncedas”fishin”Thefinalsoundinthesewordsmaybecalledthelinguisticvariable[ng]withitstwovariants[ŋ]in“singin”.(2)“farm”vs“far”Thosewordsaresometimesgivenr-lesspronoun

7、ces,inthiscasewehavethelinguisticvariable[r]withtwovariants[r]and['zi:](prounced“zero”)(3)InChineselanguage:英（English）---yīngoftencalledyēng问（Ask）----wènoftencalledvèn（4）InTagalog:Howtocall“plantmangotree”?Taniman→Tamnan:ThisisshiftofconsonantsoundsAphonologica

8、lprocess→metathesisⅣLanguageVariationandLanguageChangeA.LanguageVariationandLanguageChangeisconcernedwithsynchronicanddiachronicvariationinagreatvarietyofIndo-europeanandFin