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1、外文翻译原文AHANDBOOKFORVALUECHAINRESEARCHMaterialSource:http://www.docin.com/p-32259059.htmlAuthor:RaphaelKolinskyandMikeMorris6VALUECHAINANALYSISANDTHEDETERMINANTSOFINCOMEDISTRIBUTIONInPart1weobservedthatasglobalizationhasproceeded,sothepatternsofintercountryandintra-countryincomedistributionha
2、vebecomemorecomplex,andthat,ingeneral,indexesofpoverty(especiallyinitsrelativemeaning)haveworsened.Inparticular,TherehasbeenalackofcorrespondencebetweenthegrowingglobalspreadofEconomicactivitiesassociatedwithmeetingglobalneedsandtheincomesWhicharisefromtheseactivities?Valuechainanalysiscanh
3、elptoexplainthisgrowingdisjuncturebetweentheglobalspreadofactivitiesandincomes,particularlyinadynamicperspective.First,bymappingtherangeofactivitiesinthechainitprovidesthecapacitytodecomposetotalvaluechainearningsintotherewardswhichareachievedbydifferentpartiesinthechain.Thevalueofthismappi
4、ngexerciseshouldnotbeunderestimated,becausenootherformofanalysisprovidesthissynopticoverviewofearnings(bothinternationalandinternational)ingloballylinkedactivities.Otherwaysofviewingglobaldistributionalpatternsprovideonlypartialinsightsintothesephenomena.Forexample,tradestatisticsonlyprovid
5、edataonaggregate,grossreturnsratherthanonnetearnings,andbranch-specificanalyses(agriculture,industry,services)onlycapturepartofthestory.Secondly,avaluechainperspectiveanalysesthewayinwhichparticularfirms,regionsandcountriesarelinkedtotheglobaleconomy.Thismodeofinsertionwilldeterminetoalarge
6、extentthedistributionaloutcomesofglobalproductionsystemsandthecapacitywhichindividualproducershavetoupgradetheiroperationsandthustolaunchthemselvesontoapathofsustainableincomegrowth.Thisisreallyimportantinunderstandingthedynamicsofincomedistributionovertime.And,thirdly,atthesametime,byfocus
7、ingontheinstitutionswhichdriveinternationalspecialization,valuechainanalysisidentifiesthenormativeleverswhichcanbeusedtoalterthesedistributionalpatterns.Letusconsidereachoftheseinturn.6.1MappingdistributionaloutcomesinthevaluechainAswehaveseeninSection2a
