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1、澳大利亚留学生论文范文在19世纪，许多工人被雇主雇佣工作在制造业环节，在那里他们不得不投入大把的时间和体力劳作，但工作条件往往是非常苛刻的。在世界上,真正的福利国家是不存在的，没有工作在很大程度上可能意味着贫困。然而，即使在非常困难的时候有些雇主也很重视他们的工人，再公司内部为他们的员工提供着家长式的角色。诸如吉百利，朗特里和伯恩维尔•所有的巧克力制造商，以及肥皂制造商利弗，都对自己雇佣员工的福利非常重视,并向员工提供健康以及教育福利，从这可以看出这是他们作为一个负责任的雇主角色的一部分。这些开明的雇主往往是一个
2、员工的第一个雇主也是最后一个雇主，雇主会成立福利部机构。这些机构部门的负责人一般都是女性，她们会关注员工的身体状况，了解员工的家庭情况并根据不同情况提供不同的帮助。Attheendofthenineteenthcenturymanyworkerswereemployedinthemanufacturingsectors,wheretheyhadtoputinlonghoursandconditionswereoftenharsh.Thewelfarestatedidnotexistandnoworkcouldme
3、andestitution.However,eveninsuchunenlightenedtimessomeemployersdidvaluetheirworkersandtookonapaternalistrolefortheiremployees・SuchfamousnamesasCadbury,RowntreeandBournville,allchocolatemanufacturers,andLever,asoapmanufacturer,alltooktheiremployees'welfarevery
4、seriouslyandestablishedtheprovisionofhealthandeducationaspartoftheirroleasaresponsibleemployer.TheseenlightenedemployerstendedtobeQuakersandweresomeofthefirstemployerstoemploywelfareofficers.Thewelfareofficerswereoftenwomenandwereconcernednotonlywithvisitings
5、ickemployeesbutalsowithsupervisingmoralwelfare.Wewilltakeanoverviewofthestateofdebate.争论的焦点THESTATEOFDEBATEThequestionofwhetherhumanresourcemanagementhasthecapacitytotransformorreplacedeeplyrootedmodelsofpersonnelmanagementandindustrialrelations,orcouldbecome
6、fullyworked-throughtheoryofmanagement,isonethatcannotbeansweredinasimplemanner.Humanresourcemanagementhasmanycogentcriticsandmanyscepticalsupporters.Initialcriticismwhichclaimedthatitwas'oldwinenewbottles',therestatementperspectiveoutlinedearlierinthischapter
7、,stillhasstrongadherents(KeenoyandAnthony,1993).Othersseeitasaversionof'theemperor'snewclothes'(Legge,1989)ora'wolfsheep'sclothing'(Armstrong,1987)The1990shaveseenagrowingsophisticationinthenatureofthedebateinvolvingHRM.Oneverystrongcharacteristicisthedesireo
8、nthepartofanumberofcommentatorstoexploretheconsequencesofimplementingHRMtechniquesfororganizations.ThusthenatureoftheargumentnowstronglyincorporatestheconceptofHRMoutcomesratherthanrelyin
