Welfare Economics

《Welfare Economics》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。

1、WelfareEconomics金文云金雪超TheoKarimWelfareEconomicsWelfareeconomicsisabranchofeconomicsthatusesmicroeconomictechniquestoevaluateeconomicwell-being,especiallyrelativetocompetitivegeneralequilibriumwithinaneconomyastoeconomicefficiencyandtheresultingincomedistribu

2、tion.维弗雷多·帕累托VilfredoPareto阿瑟·塞西尔·庇古ArthurCecilPigou路德维希•冯•米塞斯LudwigvonMises奥斯卡·理沙德·兰格OskarRyszardLange肯尼思·约瑟夫·阿罗KennethJosephArrow詹姆斯·布坎南JamesM.BuchananVilfredoParetoVilfredoPareto(15July1848–19August1923)AnItalianengineer,sociologist,economist,politicalsci

3、entistandphilosopher.Hemadeseveralimportantcontributionstoeconomics,particularlyinthestudyofincomedistributionandintheanalysisofindividuals'choices.ParetoefficiencyParetoOptimalityInaParetoefficienteconomicallocation,noonecanbemadebetteroffwithoutmakingatlea

4、stoneindividualworseoff.ParetoimprovementGivenaninitialallocationofgoodsamongasetofindividuals,achangetoadifferentallocationthatmakesatleastoneindividualbetteroffwithoutmakinganyotherindividualworseoffiscalledaParetoimprovement.RequirementsofParetoEfficiency

5、Paretooptimalityinconsumption:MRSaxy=MRSbxyParetooptimalityinproduction:MRTSAlk=MRTSBlkParetooptimalityinboth:MRTxy=MRSxyWelfareeconomics'firstlaw:PerfectcompetitionofmarketeconomyingeneralequilibriumisParetooptimal.competitivemarketmechanismcanensurethatPar

6、etoefficientallocationrealized.Welfareeconomics'secondlaw:IfacertainsocialresourceallocationsituationwhilemeettheParetooptimality,butthiskindofdistributionisnotveryfair,thegovernmentcouldbegintointerveneforincometransferthenbacktothecompetitivemarketmechanis

7、m,canalsoachievetheParetooptimality.ArthurCecilPigouArthurCecilPigou(18November1877–7March1959)wasanEnglisheconomist.AsateacherandbuilderoftheschoolofeconomicsattheUniversityofCambridge.Hisworkcoveredvariousfieldsofeconomics,particularlywelfareeconomics.Main

8、Publications：《工业和平原理和方法》（1905）；《财富与福利（即福利经济学）》（1912）；《论失业问题》（1914）；《工业波动》（1927）；《公共财政研究》（1925，1956）；《失业理论》（1933）；《社会主义与资本主义的比较》（1937）；《静态经济学》（1935）；《就业与均衡》（1945）；《收入理论》（1946）；《凯恩斯“通论”的回顾》（1956);