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1、写作部分第一部分写作基础知识第一节英语主要文体和主要结构模式L1英语四种主要文体INarrationf己叙文）:Anarrativeisanaccountofaneventoraseriesofevents・Narrativewritingincludesstories,biographies,histories,andnewsitems.记叙文用来叙述一件事情或一系列事件。包括故事、传记、史记和新闻报道。IIDescription（描写文）:Descriptionisastrategyforpresentingapictureinwords
2、ofaperson,aplace,anobject,orascene,etc.Twotypesofdescription:Practicalorutilitariandescription,Impressionisticdescription.Descriptivewritingincludesapolice'sdescriptionofawantedman,ahouseagent'sdescriptionofahouse,thedetailsofinterestingbuildingsmentionedinatownguidebook.描写
3、文用来描写人、环境、事物或景物。IIIExposition（说明文）:Expositionmeansexplainingandmakingclca匚Anexpositorypaperexplainssomething,suchashowsomethingismade,whysomethinghashappened,inwhatwaystwopersonsorthingsaresimilarordifferentandsoon.Expositoiypapersareperhapsthetypeofwritingthatismostfrequen
4、tlyusedbyastudent,ascientist,oraprofessional.Expositorypapersincludeanintroductiontoaplace,anadvertisementaboutthequalitiesofsomenewproduct,directions,oranotice・Infact,expositionismostlyutilitariandescripotion.Thingscanbeexplainedinmanyways,forinstance,byprocess,illustratio
5、n,classification,and/ordivision,comparisonand/orcontrast,orananalysisoftheircausesand/oreffects.说明文是用来说明事实、情况和传达信息。IVArgumentation（议论文）:Toarguemeanstoprovidereasonsfororagainstsomething,especiallyclearlyandinproperorde匚Therearetwomainwaysofargument:inductiveanddeductive・Ini
6、nductiveargument,youuseknownfactstoproducegeneralideas.Indeductiveargument,youinferonestatementfromanother,beginningwithageneralideaandarnvingataparticularone・议论文的主要目的是陈述理由，说服他人接受你的观点，使人相信某种道理或某种假设。有两种推论方法：归纳法和演绎法。L2汉语和英语两种思维方式的差异IChinesethinkingpatterniscircular.AChinesees
7、sayfollowsacircularlineofdevelopment.汉语的思维模式属于迂回型思维IIEnglishthoughtislinear.AnEnglishessayusuallyfollowsastraightlineofdevelopment.Saywhatyouwanttosay.Sayit,andthensaywhatyouhavesaid.英语思维模式属于线性（直线）思维。有人归纳为：“说明你要说的，说出来，然后再说一遍你已说过的内容。”HerearetwotypicalillustrationsofChinesewa
8、yofthinking:l.OnceaChineseTOFELcandidatewasrequiredtowriteanessayof300wordsinEngli
