在WTOGATS框架下关于教育服务贸易的协商【外文翻译】

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1、外文翻译原文NegotiatingTradeinEducationalServiceswithintheWTO/GATSContextMaterialSource:Aussenwirtschaft,59.Jahrgang(2003),HeftII,Zürich:Rüegger,S.275-308Author:RaymondSanerandSylvieFasel1ImportanceofTradeinEducationalServicesTradeineducationalservices(ES)hasreceivedgrowingattentionandhaselic

2、itedincreasinglyheatedreactionsbyvariousstakeholdersrangingfromgovernments,privatesectorinvestors,teachers’unionstostudentassociationsandparentorganizationsinOECDanddevelopingcountries.Thisarticlewilldescribesomeoftheissues,giveasummaryofthenegotiationprocesssofarwithintheWTOcontext,and

3、outlinepossibleavenuestoresolvetheconflictinginterestsoftradeineducationalservices.ThefollowingpointsdepictthegrowingimportanceoftradeinES:(1)Thevalueofannualtradein1999inhighereducationserviceshasbeenestimatedat30billionUS$,reaching50%oftradeinfinancialservicesestimatedat59.3billionUS$

4、.TheestimatesoftradeinESwouldbehigherifestimateswereavailableforthetotaltradeinES.HighereducationisonlyoneoffivesubsectorsofES.(2)Highqualityeducationcanpositivelyinfluencelabourfactorconditionsofacountry’seconomicdevelopment.Theavailabilityofhighlyskilledlabourforceisafactorcontributin

5、gsubstantiallytonationaleconomicdevelopment.Mostcountriesconsiderinvestmentineducationasbeingofstrategicimportancetoenhancenationalcompetitivenessandtoincreaseopportunitiestoattractforeigndirectinvestment.(3)TradeinESisinherentlycross-sectoralaffectingtrade,economics,educationandculture

6、.Thisbuilt-inmulti-functionalityoftradeinESrequirescooperationbetweeninstitutionsmandatedtodealwiththedifferentaspectsoftradeinES(WTO)andwaystoestablishcrossnationalrecognitionofeducationalproducts(UNESCO).(4)Whilemoststakeholderscanagreethatprivatesectorproviderscanbeequalorevenmoreeff

7、icientproducersofeducationalservices,noagreementexistssofarastotheintendedeffectivenessorpurposeofeducation.Iseducationsupposedtobeonlyaboutacquisitionofknowledgeandskills,oralsoaboutensuringstudents’integrationintocivilsociety,ensuringsocialandnationalcohesionandequitableacces