外商直接投资，技术寻求和逆向技术溢出效应【外文翻译】

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1、外文翻译原文FOREIGNDIRECTINVESTMENT,TECHNOLOGYSOURCINGANDREVERSESPILLOVERSMaterialSource:TheManchesterSchoolVol71No.6December2003Author:NIGELDRIFFIELDBusinessSchool,UniversityofBirminghamAndJAMESH.LOVE†AstonBusinessSchool,AstonUniversityRecenttheoreticalworkpointstothep

2、ossibilityofforeigndirectinvestmentmotivatednotby‘ownership’advantageswhichmaybeexploitedbyamultinationalenterprisebutbythedesiretoaccessthesuperiortechnologyofahostnationthroughdirectinvestment.Tobesuccessful,technologysourcingforeigndirectinvestmenthingescrucial

3、lyontheexistenceofdomestic-to-foreigntechnologicalexternalitieswithinthehostcountry.Wetestempiricallyfortheexistenceofsuch‘reversespillover’effectsforapanelofUKmanufacturingindustries.Theresultsdemonstratethattechnologygeneratedbythedomesticsectorspillsovertoforei

4、gnmultinationalenterprises,butthatthiseffectisrestrictedtorelativelyresearchanddevelopmentintensivesectors.Thereisalsoevidencethatthesespillovereffectsareaffectedbythespatialconcentrationofindustry,andthatlearning-by-doingeffectsarerestrictedtosectorsinwhichtechno

5、logysourcingisunlikelytobeamotivatinginfluence.1IntroductionTraditionalmodelsofforeigndirectinvestment(FDI)havebeenheavilyinfluencedbyaframeworkwhichsuggeststhatwhereacompanyhassome‘ownership’(i.e.competitive)advantageoveritsrivalsandwhere,forreasonsofpropertyrigh

6、tsprotection,licensingisunsafe,acompanywillsetupproductionfacilitiesinaforeigncountrythroughFDI(Dunning,1988).Sincemuchofthediscussionofownershipadvantagesiscouchedintermsoftechnologyand/ormanagementexpertise,thereisastrongaprioriassumptionthatthis‘technologyexplo

7、iting’FDIwillbeanimportantmethodbywhichtechnologyistransferredinternationally.Indeed,thereisagrowingliteratureconcernedwiththeextenttowhichFDIcontributestotechnologicaladvanceinhostcountries.MuchofthisanalysisisbasedonestimationsofexternalitiesfrominwardFDI,withth

8、eevidencegenerallypointingtowardspositiveeffectsofFDIondomesticproductivity(BlomströmandKokko,1998).However,theliteratureisincreasinglyturningtothepossi