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1、外文翻译原文Globalization,Outsourcing,andWageInequalityMaterialSource:TheAmericanEconomicReview,Vol.86,No.2,PapersandProceedingsoftheHundredthandEighthAnnualMeetingoftheAmericanEconomicAssociationSanFrancisco,CA,January5-7,1996(May,1996),pp.240-245Author:ROBERTC.FEENSTRAANDGORDONH
2、.HANSONSincethelate1970's,thewagesofless-skilledU.S.workershavefallendramatically,bothinrealtermsandrelativetothewagesofmore-skilledU.S.workers.Thereisconsider-abledebateoverwhetherinternationaltradehascontributedtothedecliningeconomicfor-tunesofthelessskilled(RichardFreeman
3、,1995;J.DavidRichardson,1995).SkepticsabouttheroleofglobalizationinU.S.wagechangesclaimthattechnologicalinnovationisamoreplausibleexplanationfortheshifttowardskilledlabor.Whiletechnologyissurelyanimportantcontributingfactortoris-ingwageinequalityintheUnitedStates,thecurrentt
4、rade-versus-technologydebateob-scuresamorefundamentalquestionabouthowfirmsrespondtoimportcompetitionandhowtheseresponses,inturn,aretransmittedtothelabormarketInpreviouswork,wehavearguedthatout-sourcing,bywhichwemeantheimportofintermediateinputsbydomesticfirms,hascontributedt
5、oanincreaseintherelativede-mandforskilledlaborintheUnitedStates(FeenstraandHanson,1996).Thisfeatureofglobalization-thefragmentationofproduc-tionintodiscreteactivitieswhicharethenal-locatedacrosscountries-hasreceivedlittleattentionintheliterature.Iffirmsrespondtoimportcompeti
6、tionfromlow-wagecoun-triesbymovingnon-skill-intensiveactivitiesabroad,thentradewillshiftemploymentto-wardskilledworkerswithinindustries.Mostpreviousstudiesofthelabor-marketeffectsoftradepresumethatimportcompetitionshiftsresourcesacrossindustries,withoutchangingtheirinternalc
7、omposition.Ignor-ingoutsourcingmissesanimportantchannelthroughwhichtradeaffectsthedemandforla-borofdifferentskilltypes.Inthispaper,weextendourpreviousworkbyincorporatingnewdataonmanufacturedimports.TherevisedNationalBureauofEconomicResearch(NBER)tradedatabase(Feenstra,1996)c
8、ontainsimportdataforU.S.manufacturingindustriesoverthepe-riod1972-1994.Weco
