集装箱航运和港口概述【外文翻译】

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1、外文翻译原文ContainerShippingAndPorts：AnOverviewMaterialSource:InstitutefoTransportandMaritimeAntwerp(ITMMA),UniversityofAntwerp,2004．Author:THEOE.NOTTEBOOMAbstractGlobalisation,deregulation,logisticsintegrationandcontainerisationhavereshapedtheportandshippingindustry.Portan

2、dmaritimecompaniesarechallengedtoredefinetheirfunctionalroleinthevaluechainforthesakeofcreatingcustomervalueandofensuringthesurvivalandgrowthofthecompany.Companiesarebusilytryingtodisruptthestatusquoratherthanpreserveit.Basedonempiricalevidence,thispaperdemonstratestha

3、tbecauseoftherapidlychangingenvironmenttheportandlinershippingmarketsarenotstableanylonger.Individualterminaloperatorsandshippinglinestendtowalkdifferentpathsonaquestforhighermarginsandincreasedcustomersatisfaction.Andmorethanoncethey(haveto)changepaths.1IntroductionTh

4、emarketenvironmentinwhichcontainerportsandshippinglinesareoperatingissubstantiallychanging.Oneofthemaindrivingforcestochangeemergesfromtheglobalisationprocessandthelarge-scaleadoptionofthecontainersincethelate1960s.Worldwidecontainerportthroughputincreasedfrom36million

5、TEU1in1980to266millionTEUin2002.Forecastspointtobetween432and468millionTEUin2010.WhiletheAtlanticRimisthecradleofcontainerisation,economicallydynamicEastAsiahasbecometheworld’smaincontainerregion.TheshareofAsiainworldwidecontainerportthroughputrosefrom25percentin1980to

6、about46percentnow,whileEuropesawitssharedropfrom32percentto23percent.Theriseofworldcontainerisationistheresultoftheinterplayofmacroeconomic,microeconomicandpolicy-orientedfactors.Worldtradeisfacilitatedthroughtheeliminationoftradebarriersandtheliberalisationandderegula

7、tionofmarkets.Practicalevidenceshowsthatthepublicsectorhasredefineditsroleintheportandshippingindustriesthroughprivatisationandcorporatisationschemes.Contemporarygovernmentinterventioninanefficiency-orientedindustrytypicallyfocusesontheissueofmarketliberalisationandthe

8、creationofalevelplayingfieldforfaircompetition,themonopolyissueandthepublicgoodsissue.Withthereassessmentoftheroleoft