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1、ContemporaryCollegeEnglishBookFour《现代大学英语》精读Lesson6GroundlessBeliefsPartOneBackgroundInformationENTEROnethingwealldoeverydayisexpressourviews,stateourbeliefsordiscussourideas.wesaytooneanother:Ithink,Ibelieve,I’mconvinced,I'msure,itgoeswithoutsaying,it'scrystalclear,it'sass
2、impleasABC,nodoubt..,etc,everydayandoftenmanytimesaday.wemaynotbeprofessionalthinkers,butwealldothinkingasahabit.wemaynothavereachedthelevelofgrade-onethinking.butwecannotavoidthinking,rightlyorwronglyTobecontinuedonthenextpage.Introductiondowereallyknowwhatwearedoingthough
3、?dowereallyknowwhatitmeanswhenwesaywearethinking?dowereallythinkforourselves?areourbeliefsandideasreallywell-grounded?arewesurethatallthebeliefsweholdwithintenseconvictionandacceptwithoutquestionarereallytrue?whatconstitutesadequategroundsforbeliefs?thesearejustsomeoftheblu
4、nt,embarrassingquestionsMander,anEnglishpsychologist,asksinthispassagetakenfromhisbook,LogicfortheMillions.Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.however,thistextisnotchosenprimarilyforthepurposeofshakingourbeliefs.Ratheritismeanttoserveasasuggestiveexampleofacurious,inquiringmindatwor
5、k.Manderdoesnotsayallbeliefsareunreliableandsilly.Hedoesnotsaythatweshouldnothavebeliefs.Hesimplywantsustofindouthowwecamebyourbeliefs.Hewantsustoknowtheirbasesortheirgrounds.Hewantsustoseeallsidesofaquestion.Aboveall,hewantstotestourbeliefs.Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.Mande
6、rlistsfivesourcesformanyofourgroundlessbeliefs:1)resultofearlyenvironment;2)parroting;3)self-interest;4)sentimentalassociations;5)fashion.Itmightbeagoodideaforstudentstoprovideasmanyexamplesastheycanofsuchbeliefsasstemformthesesourcestoshowtheirunderstandingofthenatureofthe
7、sesources.Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.Itisnodisgracetoadmitthatweareallheavilyinfluencedbyprejudices.Andthisispreciselythereasonwhyweallneededucation.Education,accordingtoonedefinition,isjusttheprogressivediscoveryofourignoranceandprejudiceswhicharehiddeninourmindlikecompute
8、rvirusinacomputer.Andunlesswestayalertandcheckourcomputerconstantlyandwipeoutallth
