现代大学英语(精读)4--lesson3

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1、WhyHistoriansDisagreeAllenF.Davis&HaroldD.WoodmanConflictandConsensusRespectivelySinglyintheorderdesignatedormentionedQuestionsforconsideration1)Whatishistory?Thewholehumanpast?Therecordedpast?Whathistorianswriteaboutthepast?Arecordofclassstrugglesinthepast?Acollective

2、humanmemory?Amirrortothepresent?Acollectionofinterestingandinstructivestories?Propaganda?Atotallytimelessobjectivesciencelikephysicsandmathematics?2)Whatisahistoriansupposedtodo?Whatwouldyousayarethemostimportantcharacteristicsofagoodhistorian?3)Whydohistoriansdisagree

3、?WhatcontroversieshaveexcitedChinesehistoriansconcerningeitherancientorrecenthistory'?IntroductiontotheTextThisisamuchcondensedandadaptedversionoftheprefacetothebookcalledConflictandConsensusinModernAmericanHistoryeditedbyAllenF.DavisandHaroldD．Woodman，professorsatTemp

4、leUniversityandPurdueUniversityrespectively，whoalsowrotetheintroduction.AssumptionsofNewHistoricism1.thatthereisnotranshistoricaloruniversalhumanessenceandthathumansubjectivityisconstructedbyculturalcodeswhichpositionandlimitallofusinvariousanddividedwaysƓHistoriansocc

5、upysubjectpositionsthataresociallyandlinguisticallyconstructed,createdbyvariousdiscoursesofagivencultureƓPowerrelationsshowthatsocietycontrolsitsmembersthroughconstructinganddefiningwhatappeartobe"universal"and"natural"truthsƓAny"universalizing"or"totalizing"claimsareq

6、uestionable.Weshouldfocusratheronthespecificitiesofaparticularhistoricalandculturalcontext.2.thatthereisno'objectivity,'thatweexperiencethe'world'inlanguage,andthatallourrepresentationsoftheworld,ourreadingsoftextsandofthepast,areinformedbyourownhistoricalposition,byth

7、evaluesandpoliticsthatarerootedinthemƓemphasizingthenecessityforself-awareness,wemustbeconstantlyawareofthedifficultiesofseeingthepastexceptthroughthelensesandculturalconstructsofthepresent.bywayof(p1)bywayof：through,byrouteof，e.g．Taiwaneseplanescannowflyfromthemainlan

8、dtoTaiwanbywayofHongKongorMacao．“Bywayof”canalsomean“asameansof”，e．g．Hesenthersomeflowersbywayofanapology．tobeimmerse