单晶衍射仪Apex+II使用系列教程-1

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1、SingleCrystalDiffractometryusingtheApex2SoftwareBruceM.FoxmanBrandeisUniversityAtutorialVersion1.15byBruceM.Foxman(BrandeisUniversity)UseofthistutorialisgovernedbythetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttribution3.0UnportedLicense,February2010.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/Thistutorialisdedicat

2、edtothepioneersofSingleCrystalDiffractometry.Theauthorwasinfluencedbyreadingtheirpapers,aswellasbymeetingallofthewonderfulpeople(exceptforSiemPoot)listedorshownbelow,whilehewasastudentinthelateProfessorF.AlbertCotton’sresearchgroupatMIT,1964-1968,andduringlateryearsduringhisappointmentasSometimePr

3、ofessorofCrystallographyatBrandeisUniversity,1972-present.Therewillbemoreabouttheseimportantscientistslater(seeChapter4).LeroyE.AlexanderRobertA.SparksPhotosneeded:ThomasC.Furnas;SiemPootWilliamR.BusingHenriA.LevyJohnS.RollettHereisthefrontcoverofTomFurnas’excellenttreatiseonsingle-crystaldiffract

4、ometry…theSCOIM,aswecalledit…itcanstillbefoundifyouhavethetimeandinterest!..andhere’stheTitlePage:itwasaproductoftheGeneralElectricX-rayDepartment!CONTENTSThefollowinglinksprovidenavigationonceyouhavestartedtousethetutorial,butpleasebeginbyselectingUnit1below(later,youcanreturnhereorleavethetutori

5、albypushingtheESCkeyoneormoretimes):(blackinktopicsareunderdevelopment):Apex2:AtutorialusingtheYlidStandardCrystalApex2QuickTricks,SidebarsandHOWTO’sTwinnedCrystals;StrangeandNearlyAwfulSamplesABriefPictorialHistoryofSingle-CrystalDiffractometryOrientationMatrixOperations;PhaseTransitions&Topotaxy

6、Credits:ExactwebaddressofalllinksincludedinVersion1.xxChapter1Apex2:AtutorialusingtheYlidStandardCrystalBeforeplacingthistutorialontheweb,Iletafewofmyfriendsseeanearlierversion,andaskedthattheyprovidebothcommentsandcorrections.Unlikepreviouspasses,whereIobtainedcommentsonmySpaceGroupandHighSchoolC

7、rystallographytutorials,Ilearnedquicklythattherewerecommentsthatcorrectederrors,andothersthatrepresented“localapproaches”.ThelatterrangedfromsomeverycoolthingswhichIincorporated,topreferencesthatIdidnotwishtoincl