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1、如有错误,纯属巧合。最终解释权归有道所有!By454CHAPTERONE:EVOLUTIONANDTRENDS第一章:把内变量演化与发展趋势ARTICLE:TheEvolutionofModernUrbanPlanning文章:现代城市规划的发展Ifsverydifficulttogiveadefinitiontomodernurbanplanning,fromorigintotoday,modernurbanplanningismorelikeanevolvingandchangingprocess,anditwillcontinueevolving
2、andchanging.Originally,modernurbanplanningwasemergedtoresolvetheproblemsbroughtbyIndustrialRevolution;itwasphysicalandtechnicalwithfocusonland-use.Thenwiththeeconomic,social,politicalandtechnicaldevelopmentforoveronehundredyears,today'scityisacomplexsystemwhichcontainsmanyelemen
3、tsthatarerelatedtoeachother.Andurbanplanningisnotonlyrequiredtoconcernwiththebuildenvironment,butalsorelatemoretoeconomic,socialandpoliticalconditions.很难给出…个定义是从原点的现代城市规划到今天,现代城市规划更像…个进化,在变化的过程,它将继续发展和变化的。原来,现代城市规划的解决了工业革命问题带来了,那是实体和技术,重点介绍了土地利用。然后,经济、社会、政治和技术开发一百多年来,今天的城市,是-项复杂
4、的系统包含许多元素之间的相互联系。城市规划,不仅要关心和建立的环境,但会涉及更多的经济、社会和政治条件。Inhumanhistory,IndustrialRevolutionisalwaysviewedasaturningpointbecauseitbroughttremendouschangestotheworld・Atthebeginning,itwasjustlikeamythbecausemachinecouldproducemanufacturedgoodsmorequicklythanthehumanhand.Followingthat,a
5、largenumberoffactoriesappearedandalargeamountofpeoplelefttheiragriculturelandtothefactories.Thisprocessiscalledindustrialization.Itbroughtwiththerapideconomicgrowth,theexpansionofcityandtheimmigrationofpopulation.Largescalepopulationgrowthincityandwithoutanyplanningcausedmanypro
6、blems,especiallyinthelivingconditiontheindustrialcitiesbecamedrab,polluted,unsafeandunhealthy.在人类历史上,工业革命总是被看作是…个转折点,因为它带来了巨大的变化,他的整个世界。在一开始,它就像一个神话,因为机器能生产制成品速度要快于人类的手部。随后,大批工厂都出现了,大量的人们离开了他们的农业土地的工厂。这个过程被称为产业化。它给随着经济的快速增长,城市的不断扩展和移民人口。大规模的人口增长在城市,没有任何计划引起了许多问题,特别是在生活条件——匚业城市成为
7、单调,污染,不安全的,不健康的食物。Withsocialreformmovement,earlymodernurbanplanningwasconcentratedondealingwiththeproblemsofhousing,sanitationandinfrastructure,andthespreadofcholeraandotherwaterbornediseases.Duringthatperiod,theideaofplanningwastocreateapleasant,self-containedenvironmentprovidi
8、ngforwork,settlement,andleisure,throughcarefula