2018秋高中英语 Unit 1 Great scientists同步练习 新人教版必修5

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1、Unit1Greatscientists话题诵读日积月累[导语]　霍乱是霍乱弧菌(Vibriocholera)引起的急性肠道传染病，具有发病急、传播快、波及面广的特点，是当今三种国际检疫传染病中的一种。CholeraCholeraisawater-bornediseasethatisspreadthroughpollutedwaterandfood.ItisanillnesscausedbythebacteriumcalledVibriocholera.Itproducesanenterotoxin(肠毒素)thatcausespainless，waterydiarrhea(腹泻)that

2、canquicklyleadtoseveredehydration(脱水)anddeathiftreatmentisnotgiven.Mostpeopleinfectedwithcholeradonotbeeill，althoughthebacteriumispresentintheirwastesfor7—14days.Whencholeradoeshappen，morethan90%ofcasesarenotsevereandaredifficulttotellfromothertypesofdiarrhea.Lessthan10%ofillpeopledevelopcholerawi

3、thsignsofmoderateorseveredehydration.Apersonmaygetcholerabydrinkingwateroreatingfoodpollutedwiththecholerabacterium.Thediseasecanspreadrapidlyinareaswithoutpropertreatmentofdrinkingwater.Thecholerabacteriummayalsoliveintheenvironmentindirtyriversandcoastalwaters.Shellfisheatenrawcanbeasourceofchol

4、era.Therefore，thediseaseisnotlikelytospreaddirectlyfromonepersontoanother.Choleracanbesimplyandsuccessfullytreatedbyimmediatereplacementofthefluidandsaltlostthroughdiarrhea.Patientscanbetreatedbybeinggivenamixtureofsugarandsalttobemixedwithwateranddrunkinlargeamounts.Peoplewhodevelopseverediarrhea

5、incountrieswherecholerabreaksoutshouldseekmedicalattentionatonce.Inaword，toavoidcholera，weshoulddevelopagoodhabit.Weshouldeatwell-cookedfoodinsteadofrawfood.[词海拾贝]1．bacterium　　　n．细菌2．coastaladj.临海的；沿海的3．fluidn．液体　adj.液体的4．mixturen．混合；混杂5．seekvt.寻找，探寻；追求[问题思考]True(T)orFalse(F)：1．Drinkingmuchwaterwi

6、thsugarandsaltisuselessinthetreatmentofcholera.(　　)2．Inordertoavoidcholera，we'dbettereatcookedshellfish.(　　)答案：1.F　2.T自主预习步步提高词汇识记Ⅰ.为单词选择正确的释义1．suspect　　　　A．向……挑战2．challengeB．宣布；通告3．concludeC．责备；谴责4．blameD．认为；怀疑5．announceE．结束；推断出6．exposeF．暴露；揭露；使曝光7．contributeG．小心的；谨慎的8．cautiousH．捐献；贡献答案：1.D　2.A　3

7、.E　4.C　5.B　6.F　7.H　8.GⅡ.根据所给汉语提示写出单词1．________n．特征；特性2．________vt.打败；战胜；使受挫(n.)失败3．________n．治愈；痊愈(vt.)治愈；治疗4．________vt.吸收；吸引；使专心5．________vt.预见；预知答案：1.characteristic　2.defeat　3.cure　4.absorb　5.foreseeⅢ.根据英语释义写出