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1、外文翻译原文ImpactsresultingfromdryportsMaterialSource:TheDryPortConceptAuthor:VIOLETAROSOAdryportisaninlandintermodalterminaldirectlyconnectedtoseaport(s)byrailwherecustomerscanleave/pickuptheirunitsasifdirectlytoaseaport.Throughoutthestudythedefinitionemphasizedtheuseofhighcapacitytransport
2、means,whichincludesrailand/orbarge.Thesamehasbeendonesobecausesomeexistingdryportsoradvancedintermodalterminalsusebothmeansoftransport.However,theword“dry”hasraisedmanydiscussionswhichinthecaseofuseofbargeswouldbecontradictory.Ontheotherhandthereisaconceptofinlandportwhichisdefinedbythe
3、useofbarges.Thereforethisdryportdefinitionemphasizestheuseofrail.Conventionalhinterlandtransportisbasedonnumerouslinksbyroadandonlyafewbyrail,whichisgenerallylimitedtoservingmajorconurbationsatrelativelylargedistancesfromtheseaport.Dryportsaredividedintoclose,midrange,anddistantdryports
4、.Thebenefitsfromdistantdryportsderivefromthemodalshiftfromroadtorail,resultinginreducedcongestionattheseaportgatesanditssurroundings.Sinceonetraincansubstituteforabout35trucksinEurope,theexternalenvironmentaleffectsalongtheroutearereduced.Today,seaportscompetenotonlyontariffsandtranship
5、mentcapability,butalsointhequalityofinlandaccess.Thiscompetitionrequiresseaportstofocusontransportlinks,onthedemandforservicesinitstraditionalhinterland,andondevelopmentinareasoutsidetheirimmediatemarket(NotteboomandRodrigue,2007).Consequently,apartfromenvironmentalbenefits,adistantdryp
6、ortalsobringsacompetitiveadvantagetoaseaportsinceitexpandstheseaport’shinterland,i.e.,improvestheseaport’saccesstoareasoutsideitstraditionalhinterlandbyofferingshipperslowcostandhighqualityservices.Railoperatorsbenefitfromdistantdryportssimplybythemovementofcontainersfromroadtorail,whic
7、hincreasesthescaleoftheirbusiness.Fromtheshippers’perspective,awell-implementeddistantdryportoffersagreaterrangeoflogisticsservicesinthedryportarea.Forenvironmentallyconsciousshippersitgivestheoptionofusingrailratherthanroad,thusreducingtheenvironmental7impactoftheirproducts.Th