竞争和成本超支采购【外文翻译】

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1、外文翻译原文CompetitionandCostOverrunsinProcurementMaterialSource：www.chinajournal.net.cnAuthor:Juan-Jos’eGanuzayHorrorstoriesaboutpublicworksormilitaryprocurementprojectsfrequentlyappearinthepress.Mostofthecasesthatcatchtheattentionofthepubliceyearecharacterizedbylongdelaysandhugecostoverruns,usuallyasso

2、ciatedwithchangesoftheinitialdesignoftheprojects.Accusationsagainsttheprocuringagenciesarefocusedontheissueofpoorinitialdesign.Agenciesareportrayedasincompetent,orinsomecasesascorrupt,fornotpayingenoughattentiontothespecicationofprojectsbeforeprocuringthem,thusresultinginrenegotiationwiththecontract

3、orovertheprojects.Thispaperproposesarationalebehindthisobservedpattern.Weshowthatitmaybeintheinterestoftheprocurertounderinvestindesignspecication.Theintuitionbehindthisresultisthat,byreducingthedesignspecification,thesponsorreducesthecomparativeadvantageofthemostefficientfirmintheawardingprocess.By

4、makingfirmsmorehomogeneousthesponsorintensifiescompetitionandthisresultsinalowertransfer.Wealsoshowthatthemorecompetitivethemarket,thebetterspecifiedtheinitialdesignwillbe.Inparticular,inaperfectlycompetitivemarket,inwhichfirmsearnnorents,nodesignmisspecificationtakesplace.Themaingoalofthepaperistou

5、setheanalysisofthespecificationdesignproblemtostudythecostoverrunsinpublicworks.Wefindthatcostoverrunsaredecreasinginthedesignspecificationlevel.Then,usingtherelationshipbetweencompetitivenessandincentivestodesignspecification,weshowthatwhentheprocurementmarketismorecompetitivecostoverrunsarelower.F

6、orthisreason,costoverrunsarearguedtobeaconsequenceofthelackofcompetitionintheprocurementmarket.Westudyasimpleprocurementprobleminwhichasponsorwantstoundertakeasingleproject.Thereexistsafixednumberofhorizontallydifferentiatedpotentialcontractors.Priortotheawardingprocess,thesponsordecideshowmuchtoinv

7、estinspecifyingthedesign(ortheblueprint)andthisdecisionbecomespublicinformation.Asaresultofthislearningprocessaninitialdesignisspecified.Thesponsorawardstheconstructionoftheinitialdesignusingacompetit