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1、句子成分组成句子的各个组成部分叫句子成分：1.主语:是一个句子的主干部分之一,主语表明是“什么人”，“什么事”.通常由名词,代词,动词不定式,动名词来充当.1.Lucylikeshernewbike.2.Weworkhard.3.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.4.Playingfootballafterschoolisgreatfun.主谓宾定状补表2.谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由动词充当.动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词.1.theyworkveryhard.2.Tomfeelsmuchbetternow.(系动词:表示状态
2、,后面往往接形容词seemgetisamaresoundsmelllookbecome)△情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.TheycanspeakEnglishwell.Theyareplayingoverthere.3.表语：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态.Mysisterisanurse.Thetreesturngreen.Theflowerisbeautiful.Toseeistobelieve.3.宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在及物动词或介词后面.由名词,代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词和宾语从
3、句构成.1.WestudyEnglish.2.Isawhimyesterday.3.Hewantedtohaveapen.4.Shelikesplayingbasketball.5.Ourteachersaidthathewouldgothere.△双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。Hegavemetwobooks.4.定语:用来修饰名词或代词的词.形容词,形容词性物主代词,名词,不定式,介词短语,不定代词等.Thisisaredcar.Thebuildingistheirteachingbuilding.Thewomandoctorismywife.Ihavesometh
4、ingtotellyou.ThemaninfrontofthegateisMr.Li.EverystudenthasanEnglishbook.5.状语:说明动作或状态特征修饰用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子.副词,介词短语,动词不定式,以及after,when,assoonas,until,if,before等引起的从句.Youarequiteright.Theyoftendrawinthepark.WecamehereinordertolearnEnglish.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillstayathome.6.宾补：补充说明宾语。(宾语和宾补之间有逻辑
5、上的主谓关系）宾语+宾补叫复合宾语，复合宾语有以下几种类型：1名词（代词）+不定式2名词（代词）+分词3名词（代词）+名词4名词（代词）+形容词1名词（代词）+不定式Johnaskedmetohelphim.Lethimgohome.Isawhercomeoutoftheroom.名词（代词）+分词（现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动）Ifoundhimstandingatthegate.Shecouldfeelherheartbeatingviolently.Hespokeslowlyinordertomakehimselfunderstood.Hespokeloudlyinord
6、ertomakehimselfheard.名词（代词）+名词（作宾补的表示独一无二的职位前不加the.)TheyappointedherheadoftheEnglishDepartment.Theymadehimcaptainoftheship.名词（代词）+形容词Wemustkeeptheroomclean.Wefoundherbusy.Ifoundthestoryinteresting.简单句的五种基本句型1主语+谓语（不及物动词）（S+Vi型）Hecame.Shedances.2主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语(S+Vt+O)Isawher.TheylikewatchingTV.3
7、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+Vt+IO+DO)(IOindirect)Igaveherabook.Sheshowedherfriendsallthepictures.4主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P)Iamastudent.Shelooksveryyoung.5主语+谓语+宾语+宾补(S+Vt+O+OC)IaskedMarytohelpme.Wecallourheadmasterawiseman.Thankyou
