Lecture1激光原理

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1、第一章激光的基本原理本次课内容：绪论简介§1.1相干性的光子描述绪论简介光电子学是汇集光子学、电子学、光子技术与电子技术的一门学科光子学－研究光子作为信息、能量载体的一门科学光子技术－相干光的产生激光原理相干光的控制（调制、偏转），变换（频率）光电子技术相干光的检测及应用光电子学（技术）光电检测应用光电子技术电子学；电子技术平时作业：10％期末考试：90％AcademicSubjectsinOpticsScienceRayOptics(GeometricOptics)WaveOpticsBeamOpticsFourierOptics(InformationOptics)Elect

2、romagneticOpticsGuided-WaveOpticsFiberOpticsPhotonic-CrystalOpticsStatisticalOpticsResonatorOpticsandLaserSemiconductorOpticsNonlinearOpticsQuantumOpticsTheBirthoftheLaserIf-accordingtohigh-energyphysics-lightappeared14billionyearsago,10secondsaftertheBigBang,thenitisonlyfiftyyearsagothatmank

3、indconsciouslycontrolledanddomesticatedit.In1916inhisseminalpaper,AlbertEinsteinshowedthatlighttraversingamediumcouldnotonlybeabsorbedbutthatitcouldalsobeamplified,aneffectthereaftercalledstimulatedemission.However,itwasnotuntilthe1940sand1950s-notablywiththeworkofAlfredKastlerandJeanBrossel(

4、1948)-thatthepossibilityofamplifyingradiationwasunambiguouslydemonstrated.Thenextstepwastomakea“light”orradiationoscillator.Itwasfirstdemonstratedin1954inthemicrowaveregime(wherethewavelengthof“light”isaroundcm)byCharlesH.Townes,AlexanderM.ProkhorovandNicolayG.Basov.(Maser)In1958TownesandArth

5、urL.Schawllowwrotethegerminallaserpaper,describinghowtobuildanopticalmaser.Fromthenon,thepossibilitytotamelightbydemonstratingtheopticalmaserwasatthetopoftheresearchagendasforallmajorlaboratories.Buttheroadleadingtothelaserprovedtobearduousandafterfewyears,thepursuitbecameelusiveandtheinteres

6、tstartedtofade.Then,againstalloddsandoutofleftfield,onthe16thofMay1960attheHughesResearchLaboratoryinMalibu,thecrispynoiseofaphotographicflashannouncedthefirstcoherentlightgushingoutofarubyrod.TedMaimanmadealaser(originallynamedanopticalmaser)forthefirsttimeinhistory.KathleenMaimanandherlateh

7、usband---TheodoreH.MaimanNobelLaureatesintheAreaofLaser1964:CharlesH.Townes,AlexsandrM.Prokhorov,andNicolayG.BasovFortheirtheoreticalworkpavingthewayforthefirstlasermadebyMaiman.1966:AlfredKastlerForthediscoveryandthedevelopementof"opticalpum