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1、Lesson11Highway Engineering第11课 高速公路工程Highway engineering includes highway planning, location, design, and maintenance.Before the design and construction of a new highway or highway improvement can beundertaken, there must be general planning and consideration of financing. As part ofgeneral
2、planning, it is decided what the traffic needs of the area will be for a considerableperiod generally 20 years, and what construction will meet those needs. To assess trafficneeds the highway engineer collectsand analyzes information about the physical features ofexisting facilities, the vol
3、ume, distribution, and character of present traffic and the changesto be expected in these factors. The highway engineer must determine the most suitablelocation, layout, and capacity of the new routes and structures. Frequently, a preliminary line,or location, and several alternate routes ar
4、e studied. The detailed design is normally begunonly when the preferred location has been chosen.高速公路工程包括高速公路计划.选址.设计和高速公路保养。当一项高速公路工程设计建设或是改造之前，必须大致地计划考虑一下费用问题。作为概要计划的一部分，该地区在可预见的时段内（如20年）的交通流量，以及何种建设才能满足这种需求将是决定因素。为了评估交通需求量，高速公路工程师通过采集分析现有设备提供的物理数据信息——包括车流量，分布，现有交通工具的特征以及蕴涵在这些因素中的可以预知的变化。高速
5、公路工程师必须决定新路线建筑最适合的位置.布局以及容量。通常情况下，一条初步的线路或选址和若干备选路线都会被拿来研究。细节方面设计通常在一个更佳的选址确定下来之后才开始。In selecting the best route, careful consideration is given to the traffic requirements,terrain to be traversed, value of land needed for the right-of-way, and estimated cost ofconstruction for the various pl
6、ans. The photogrammetric method, which makes use of aerialphotographs, is used extensively to indicate the character of the terrain on large projects,where it is most economical. On small projects, ground-mapping methods are preferred.为了选择最佳路线，需要仔细考虑的问题包括：交通需求，（路线）横贯的地带，可通行道路的土地价值以及各种方案的结构开销的
7、预算。在一些大型项目中，利用了航拍技术的摄影测量法被广泛用于显示该地带的特征，这也是一种最经济的方法。在那些小型工程中，地面绘图法已经很完美了。Financing considerations determine whether the project can be carried out at one timeor whether construction must be in stages, with each stage initiated as funds becomea
