大学英语四级阅读文章结构特点

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1、大学英语四级阅读文章结构特点林明金（节选自《大学英语四级精讲与测试》林明金主编，2005年清华大学出版社出版）英语文章有其固定的结构：引言、正文、和结尾三大部分。通常，引言的作用是点明主题、陈述文章的中心思想。正文部分则阐述引言中的中心思想（即作者的观点）或对所提出的论点进行讨论，用事实、实验结果或例子来说明或证实。段与段之间有必然的联系和一定的逻辑性。每个段落都围绕引言中提出的中心思想来展开。结尾部分将正文里阐述或论证的观点归纳起来，得出结论。且多数情况下，结尾部分是对主题句的重述，但措辞可能不同。文引言——主题、中心思想章段1(论

2、点1)结正文——段2(论点2)构段3(论点3)结尾——结论由于四级阅读测试的文章体裁主要为议论文和说明文，故考生应当重点掌握该类别的文章结构特点。一、议论文的结构特点和论证方法一)议论文的结构：论点、论据、结论三要素。议论文重在“说服”——即作者要力图说服读者赞同并支持其观点或驳斥某一观点。例如：（2000年6月）[中心思想]Thereisnodenyingthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingabouthowcomputerswork,justasweexpectthematleasttounderstan

3、dthattheinternalcombustionengine(内燃机)hassomethingtodowithburningfuel,expandinggasesandpistons(活塞)beingdriven.Forpeopleshouldhavesomebasicideaofhowthethingsthattheyusedowhattheydo.Further,studentsmightbehelpedbyacoursethatconsidersthecomputer'simpactonsociety.Butthatisno

4、twhatismeantbycomputerliteracy.Forcomputerliteracyisnotaformofliteracy(读写能力)；itisatradeskillthatshouldnotbetaughtasaliberalart.[段首句]Learninghowtouseacomputerandlearninghowtoprogramonearetwodistinctactivities,Acasemightbemadethatthecompetentcitizensoftomorrowshouldfreeth

5、emselvesfromtheirfearofcomputers.Butthisisquitedifferentfromsayingthatalloughttoknowhowtoprogramone.Leavethattopeoplewhohavechosenprogrammingasacareer.Whileprogrammingcanbelotsoffun,andwhileoursocietyneedssomepeoplewhoareexpertsatit,thesameistrueofautorepairandviolinmak

6、ing.[段首句]Learninghowtouseacomputerisnotthatdifficult,anditgetseasierallthetimeasprogramsbecomemore“userfriendly”.Letusassumethatinthefutureeveryoneisgoingtohavetoknowhowtouseacomputertobeacompetentcitizen.Whatdoesthephrase“learningtouseacomputer”mean?Itsoundslikelearnin

7、gtodriveacar”,thatis,itsoundsasifthereissomesetofdefiniteskillsthat,once[结论]Infact,“learningtouseacomputer”ismuchmorelike“learningtoplayagame”,butlearningtherulesofonegamemaynothelpyouplayasecondgame,whoserulesmaynotbethesame.Thereisnosuchathingasteachingsomeonehowtouse

8、aacquired,enableonetouseacomputer.Onecanonlyteachpeopletousethisorthatprogramandgenerallythatiseasilyaccomplis