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1、倒装句和强调句型倒装句分为全倒装和半倒装两种。一.完全倒装:谓语动词完全搬到主语之前的句子,便是完全倒装句。这类句型主要有:表方式或方位的副词或介词短语,如here,there,now,up,down,in,away,off,out,intheroom,onthewall等,置于句首。eg:InalecturehallofauniversityinEnglandsitsaprofessor.Inthischapterwillbefoundtheanswerstothosequestions.2.地点状语放在句首,谓语是vi的现在时和过去时,主谓要全倒装。eg:South
2、oftheriverliesasmallfactory.3.下列副词放在句首时,谓语动词一般是vi的现在时和过去时,并且主语是n要全倒装。如(1)。但如果主语是代词就用自然语序。如(2)。这些副词有:there,here,now,up,down,on,in,out,off,away,back…eg:(1)Therecomesthebus.(2)Awayhewentwithhisfriends.eg:Outrushedthechildren.Awayflewtheplane.4.Such置于句首时。eg:SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanan
3、dthe20thcentury’sgreatestscientist.注:此句型中的such多被认为是p,所以,such后的be动词应与其后的“真正的s”保持一致。eg:Sucharethefacts;noonecandenythem.二.半倒装:只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前的句子,叫部分倒装句。Only修饰副词,介词短语或状语从句,并且放在句首时。eg:OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.Onlywhenhereturneddidwefindoutthetruth.注意(1)在部分倒装句中,如果谓语部分无助动词
4、则需找助动词来“帮助”它构成倒装句。eg:Onlyafterthewarlearnedhethesadnews.(×)Onlyafterthewardidhelearnthesadnews.(√)(2)Only修饰状语从句时,从句不可倒装eg:Onlywhendidhereturndidwefindoutthetruth.(×)Onlywhenhereturneddidwefindoutthetruth.(√)(3)Only修饰主语时句子不可以倒装eg:Onlycanheanswerthequestion.(×)Onlyhecananswerthequestion.(√
5、)2.否定副词放在句首时。eg:never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,rarely,scarcely,nowhere,bynomeans,innotime,innoway(决不),neither…nor…;.…eg:Notasinglemistakedidhemake.=Hedidn’tmakeasinglemistake.NeverbeforehaveIseensuchamovingfilm.=Ihaveneverseensuchamovingfilmbefore.固定句型(1)So+be/助动词、情态动词“…也如此”.eg:A:Hei
6、slazy.B:Soisshe.注:如句意不是“…也如此”.而是对前面的句子的肯定或符合(此时的so=indeed)那么句子则不可用倒装。eg:A:Itishot.B:Soitis.(2).Neither/nor+be/助动词、情态动词“…也不这样”.eg:Ihaveneverbeenabroad.Neither/Norhashe.这个句型不可用so…not代替.但可用not…either改写Ihaveneverbeenabroad.Hehasn’tbeenabroad,either.(3).So/such修饰的成分放在句首时,主句要半倒装,that从句不倒装。eg:S
7、oclearlydoeshespeakEnglishthathecanalwaysmakehimselfunderstood.如此…以至于(4).下列句型中,如果主句中否定意义的词放在句首,主句中要用半倒装,从句不倒装:notonly…butalso…;nosooner…than…hardly…when…scarcely…when…notuntil…(主句用haddone,从句用did)eg:Notonlywillhelpbegiventopeopletofindjobs,butalsomedicaltreatmentwillbeprov