写作-英语句子结构

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1、英语句子概论1英语句子概论基本成分附属成分独立成分省略成分连接成分简单句并列句复合句并列复合句语法术语2主语Subject谓语Predicateverb宾语Object状语Adverbialmodifier3表语Predicative定语Attributive补语Complement系动词Copulaorlinkingverb4动词Verb及物动词Transitiveverb(v.t.)不及物动词Intransitiveverb(v.i.)名词Noun(n.)动名词Gerund5副词Adverb(a

2、d.)形容词Adjective(adj.)介词Preposition(prep.)连词Conjunction6并列连词Coordinatingconjunction从属连词Subordinatingconjunction副词连词Adverbialconjunction短语Phrase7名词(动词/形容词/副词/现在分词/过去分词/不定式)短语Noun(v./adj./adv./presentparticiple/pastparticiple/infinitive)phrase从句Clause主语从句

3、Subjectiveclause8定语从句Attributive/adjectiveclause宾语从句Objectiveclause状语从句(原因,时间,地点,目的,结果,条件,让步)Adverbialclause(reason,time,place,purpose,result,condition,concession)9简单句Simplesentences并列句Compoundsentences复合句Complexsentences并列复合句Compound-complexsentences合

4、并句Combinedsentences10Lie虚度,使空闲Lieidle被搁置不用Go=become变为,变得Theygomad他们疯了.hairthathadgonegray.变灰白的头发11主语＋不及物动词（S+Vi）主语＋及物动词＋宾语(S+Vt+O)主语＋系动词＋表(S+V+predicative)主语＋双宾动词+间宾+直宾(S+Vt+O.indir+O.dir)主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语(S+Vt.+O+O.complement)There+be/stand/lie/live...简

5、单句的五种基本句型主语、动词（不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分，至多4个基本成分。12nounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ingV-edetc.主语谓语宾语宾语宾补表语宾语(间)宾语(直)VtV-lViNoun/PronounThe+adjV-ing/ClauseInfinitiveNoun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/Infinitive英语句子基本成分示意图be/fee

6、l/seem/lookappear/stand/liebecome/get/grow/turngo/come/remain/keeptaste/smelletc.nounpronounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-edclauseetc.13主语＋不及物动词Shecame．/Myheadaches.主语＋及物动词＋宾语ShelikesEnglish.主语＋系动词＋主语补语Sheishappy．主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook．Shebough

7、tabookforme.主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry．Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.简单句基本句型实例14附属成分基本成分的修饰语。可以是：定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句。定语(attribute)PoorJohntotteredtowardahospitalnearby．Shelikesora

8、ngesimportedfromtheUSA.JohngaveMarymanybooks，whicharefullofillustrations．Haveyouseenthebookonthedesk?Theboyplayingoverthereismybrother.Peopletherelikesports.15Johnoftencametochatwithme．Johnlikesorangesverymuch．Wheneverhegetsdrunk，Johnma