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1、Day16:Cyber-security讲义Cyber-securityTheinternetofstingsAnelectronictsunamicrashesdownona solitary journalistTOAlayman,thephrase“InternetofThings”(IoT)probablyconjuresupahalf-fantasticfutureinwhichrefrigeratorsmonitortheirowncontentsandsendordersdirecttothegrocerwhent
2、hebutterisrunningout,whiletiredcommutersorderbathstobedrawnautomaticallyusingtheirsmartphonesastheyapproachtheirhousesintheirself-drivingcars.Actually,though,aversionoftheIoTisalreadyhere.Wi-Fihubs,smarttelevisions,digitalvideo-recordersandthelikeareallpartofanetwork
3、ofdevicesrunbymicroprocessorsthat,justasmuchasdesktop,laptopandtabletcomputers,formpartoftheinternet—butwithone crucialdistinction.Unlikethingsimmediatelyrecognisableascomputers,thesedevicesareoftendesignedwithpoorsecurity,orevennoneatall.Theyarewideopento malicious
4、hackerswhomightwishtomisusethem.Andtherearealreadyaround5billionofthem,accordingtoCisco,theworld’slargestcomputer-networkingcompany,withbillionsmoretocomeintheyearsahead.Onefavouritetrickofsuchhackersisthedistributeddenialofserviceattack,orDDoS.Thistemporarilyenslave
5、sanumberofinternet-enableddevicesintoanarrangementknownasabotnet,andthendirectsthisnettosend simultaneous requestsforattentiontoasinglemachineorclusterofmachines,thusoverwhelmingitandmakingitunusable.Suchattacksmaybecarriedoutbyorganisedcriminals,toholdafirmtoransom;
6、bycyber-savvycountries,asatooloflow-levelwarfare—or,asinthecaseofoneofthelatestattacks,for revenge.一、 词汇部分1.solitary/ˈsɑː.lə.ter.i/adj.单独的英文释义:Asolitary person orthingistheonly person orthingina place:·词汇助记:1)词根:sol-单独;2)词根:-it走3)后缀:-ary形容词后缀4)扩展:solar太阳的(solarsystem
7、/energy)5)扩展:solituden.孤独2.crucialdistinctionn.关键区别·词汇助记:1)词根:cruc-十字,交叉2)词根:stinct-刺3)扩展:instinct本能3.malicious/məˈlɪʃ.əs/adj.恶意的英文释义:intendedtocausedamagetoacomputersystem,ortostealprivateinformationfromacomputersystem;·词汇助记:1)前缀:mal-坏2)后缀:ice名词后缀: 3)后缀:-ous形容词后缀4.s
8、imultaneous/ˌsaɪ.məlˈteɪ.ni.əs/adj.同时的英文释义:happening orbeingdoneat exactly thesame time:·词汇助记:1)词根:simul-相同,类似2)词素:tane-表示time时间3)后