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1、OG1Everypersonhashisorherownideaofethicsandmorality,regardlessofobjectivetruth.Authorityfigures权威人物,whetherteachers,headsofnations国家首脑,orotherpositionsofpower掌权者,maynotalwaysbeinlinewith符合,与…一致thatmorality.Inordertodeterminewhetheranauthorityfigureisdoingwhatisjus
2、t合理的,公正的,individualsmustspeakoutwhentheyperceiveinjustice.Oftentimes,thatmeansquestioningauthority.每个人都有自己独立于客观真理的伦理观和道德观。权威人士,如老师,国家领导或其他有权利的人不一定与这样的道德观相一致。为了确定权威的行为是否合理,个人必须在他们感觉到不合理的时候直言不讳。通常,这就意味着挑战权威。Dystopianovelsoftenportraysystemsofnationalleadershipinwhic
3、hquestioninggovernmentalauthorityisexplicitly明确地forbidden.GeorgeOrwell’snovel1984issuchastory.Thegovernmentisknowncollectivelyas“BigBrother,”老大哥whoisasymbolicentity实体,存在continuallywatchingovereverycitizen.Thelanguage,Newspeak,isconstantlybeingupdatedtocontrolpeopl
4、e’sexpressionandtherebycontroltheirthoughts.AnyonecaughteventhinkingsomethingotherthanBigBrotherwouldwantthemtothinkisarrestedbytheThoughtPolice.Underthisregime政权,管理体制,therearevirtuallynoindependentthinkers.Everypieceofinformationgiventothepeoplecomesthroughthegov
5、ernment,whichhasthepowertochangefactsandhistorywithutterimpunity.Themaincharacter,Winston,managestocatchon,butintheend,heisfinallybrainwashedbytorture.Inthissocietyofobedientdrones,truthisirrelevantbecausetherearenolies.反乌托邦小说常常描写明确禁止人民质疑政府权威的政权。乔治·奥威尔的小说1984就是这样的
6、故事。政府被大家称为“老大哥”,是一个不断监视所有公民的象征性机构。这里使用的语言,新话,不断被更新,以控制人民的表达并由此控制人民的思想。那些竟敢思考老大哥不愿意让他们思考的问题的人,一经发现就会被思想警察逮捕。在这样的统治下,几乎没有独立的思想者。传递给人民的每条信息都来自政府,同时政府享有篡改事实和历史而完全不受惩罚的权利。小说的主角温斯顿(Winston)勉力生存,但最后终于受到折磨和洗脑。在这个唯唯诺诺的社会,因为无所谓谎言,所以也不存在真理。Whenastudentgoesthroughformaleducat
7、ion正规教育,hemustbeonhisguard保持警惕whenitcomestowhatheabsorbs.Inthemidstofobjectivefacts,alltoooften时常,经常是ateachermayattempttoindoctrinate灌输,教导himwiththeteacher’sownideology思想意识.Therearethousandsofeasily-accessedarticlesexposingdocumentedincidencesofteachersboldlyinsti
8、lling逐渐灌输intheirstudentstheliberalideology.Universitiesarecesspoolsofleftistprofessorswhopunishstudentswhoexpressdifferencesofopinion.Yetwithoutthosefew