论信用证的软条款及自我防范措施-经济贸易系本科毕业论文

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1、XX科技学院本科毕业论丈（外文翻译）题目论信用证的软条款及自我防范措施学生姓名XX专业班级xxx级国际经济与贸易三班学号xxx院（系）经济贸易系扌旨导教0帀（职称）XZ完成时间20年月日FraudintheLetterofCreditTransactionanditsPossibleArbitrationInstituteofComparativeLawMcGillUniversityGernotFohlerAbstractTheletterofcreditcontinuestoplayanindispensablerole

2、inthefinancingandsecuringofinternationalcommercialtransactions-Itsusefulnessandefficacyderivesprimarilyfromthefactthatitisindependentfromtheunderlyingrelationshipbetweenbuyerandseller.Inaconsiderablenumberofcases,however,theindependenceoftheletterofcredithasbeencha

3、llengedasaresultoffraudintheunderlyingtransaction.Afteranalyzingrecentreformsoftheregulatoryframeworkgoverninglettersofcredit,thisfraudexceptiontotheindependenceprinciplewillbereappraisedinthelightofcurrentdevelopmentsinCanadaandtheUnitedStates.Finally,theauthorarg

4、uesthatarbitrationcanandindeedshouldplayanincreasinglyimportantroleintheresolutionofinternationalletterofcreditdisputesinvolvingfraudinthetransaction.1AboutL/CfraudTheL/Ccycleoperatesinthefollowingway:afterabuyerandasellerhaveenteredintoasalescontract,thebuyerappli

5、esforaL/Cfromanissuingbank.UponreceivingtheL/C，thesellerwouldcheckitsauthenticitywithanadvisingbank.HavingconfirmedtheL/Ciscorrect,thesellerexportsthegoodsandpreparesaseriesofdocumentssuchasInspectionCertificate,BillofLadingetc.,provingtoitsnegotiatingbankthatthego

6、odsshippedareinaccordancewiththebuyersstandard.Beforethenegotiatingbankreleasesmoneytotheseller,itwillcheckonfacevaluethatthesubmitteddocumentstallywiththebuyersinstruction.Thereafter,thenegotiatingbankwillforwardthedocumentstothebuyerthroughitsissuingbank.Inordert

7、oobtainthesedocumentsfromtheissuingbank,thebuyerwillhavetoeithercompleteitspaymentorenterintomutualagreementwiththeissuingbankonapaymentdate.Withthedocumentsathand,thebuyercouldgetthegoodsattheportandthustheL/Ccyclecompletes.TheentireL/Ccycleisgovernedbytheinternat

8、ionallyrecognizedregulation一UCP600,whichisissuedbytheInternationalChamberofCommerce.TheL/Ccycleiscomparabletocreditcardtransactions,inwhichabankp