高考英语语法：定语从句

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1、高考英语语法：定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句一.关系代词的用法：关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中作主语在定语从句中作动词的宾语或者介词的宾语，介词在后指人that/whothat/who/whom指物that/whichthat/which上表中黑框内的关系代词可以省略；在口语及非正式文体中whom常被who所替代；另外,关系代词whose表示(先行词)的二示例:1•关系代词在定语从句中作主语a.Doyouknowthemanthat/whocametoseeXiaoYangthismorning?b.Thisisabookthat/whichtellsaboutspacer

2、ocket.2.关系代词在定语从句屮作动词的宾语a.Thecomrader(that/who/whom)theycametovisitisascientist.b.Iwillneverforgettheday(that/which)wespentinthecountryside・3.关系代词在沱语从句中作介词的宾语，介词在后a.Thisisthehouse(that/which)hewasbornin.b・Theperson(that/who/whom)youshouldwritetoisMrBall.c.Theman(that/who/whom)youtalkedwith

3、isourEnglishteacher.2.whose引导的定语从句a.IknowaladywhosehusbandisaNobelPrizewinner.b.Thechildwhosemotherdiedinthefireisnowanengineerinourcompany.c.Heislivinginahousewhosewindowsarepaintedwhite・三.应注意的问题：1.指物时，关系代词只用lhal而不用which的情况：①.先行词被最高级或theonly,thevery,thesame等修饰时a.Thisisthebestplaythatwaswr

4、ittenbyJack・b.HeistheonlypersonthatIcantrust.②.先行词被序数词或thelast等词修饰时a.Thisisthefirstcarthatarrivedthismorning.③.先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词时或被不定代词all,any,no等修饰时a.Allthepeoplethatcomefromthecountryworkmuchharde匚b・ThisisallthatIcantellyou.④.人+动物或事物共同作为先行词时a.MyfatherandM

5、rBrowntalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedforaboutanhour.⑤.句中又有Which作为疑问词出现时a.WhichisthetrainthatgoestoBeijing?2.关系代词who,which,that在定语从句屮作主语时，要注意定语从句屮的主谓一致问题.因为who/that/which指代先行词，所以定语从句的谓语与先行词保持一致即可a.Icametogetthebookthatwasleftintheclassroom.b.Icametogetthebooksthatwereleftinthecla

6、ssroom.关系副词引导的定语从句■.关系副词的用法:when在定语从句中作地点状语;where在定语从句中作地点状语;why在定语从句中作原因状语二示例:a.HewaswellatthetimewhenIsawhim.■b.Let'smeetattheplacewherewemetyesterday.a.ThisisthereasonwhyIaminfavorofthesinge匚三.应注意的问题：1.在某些表示时间的名词后的关系副词可省略，这样的名词如：thetime,everytime,eachtime,themoment,theminute,thesecond等（

7、也有语法家认为是这些名词直接引导了时间状语从句）a.Bythetime（when）hewasfourteenyearsoldhehadlearnedmuch.English.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句一.说明：关系代词在定语从句屮作介词的宾语时，介词可以位于关系代词之前，•从而构成介词+关系代词引导的定语从句二.这种定语从句中•关系代词的用法：在这种定语从句屮，关系代词只能用whom（指人）和which（指事物），而不能使用that/who三.示例：a.Thisisthehouseinwhichhewasborn