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ID:44383197
大小:2.71 MB
页数:68页
时间:2019-10-21
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1、Module4IncredibleNervousSystemGENES&EVOLUTIONGeneticinformationbrainandbodydevelopedaccordingtocomplexchemicalinstructionsthatwerewritteninahumancellnolargerthanagrainofsandFertilizationZygoteChromosomesChemicalalphabetGenesandproteinsGenomeGeneticfactorsGENES&EVOLUTION(CONT.)Fert
2、ilizationhumanlifehasitsbeginningswhenafather’ssperm,whichcontains23chromosomes,penetratesamother’segg,whichcontains23chromosomesp68SPERMEGGZYGOTEGENES&EVOLUTION(CONT.)Zygotethelargesthumancell,aboutthesizeofagrainofsandazygoteisacellthatresultswhenaneggisfertilizedazygotecontains
3、46chromosomesarrangedin23pairsGENES&EVOLUTION(CONT.)Chromosomesashort,rodlike,microscopicstructurethatcontainsatightlycoiledstrandofthechemicalDNA,whichisanabbreviationfordeoxyribonucleicacidGENES&EVOLUTION(CONT.)Chemicalalphabeteachchromosomecontainsalong,coiledstrandofDNA,whichr
4、esemblesaladderthathasbeentwistedoveranoveruponitselfeachrungoftheDNAladderismadeupoffourchemicalstheorderinwhichthefourdifferentchemicalscombinetoformrungscreatesamicroscopicalphabetp68DNAGENES&EVOLUTION(CONT.)GenesandproteinsGeneaspecificsegmentonthelongstrandofDNAthatcontainsin
5、structionsformakingproteinsProteinschemicalbuildingblocksfromwhichallthepartsofthebrainandbodyareconstructedp68CHROMOSOMEGENES&EVOLUTION(CONT.)GenomeTheHumanGenomeProjectbeganin1995andcostover$2.7billionreacheditsfirstgoalin2003ofmappingallthehumangenesresearchersfoundonlyabout30,
6、000humangenesinsteadoftheestimated100,000GENES&EVOLUTION(CONT.)Geneticfactorsresearchersarediscoveringhowgeneticfactorsinteractwiththeenvironmenttoresultinthedevelopmentofmentalretardation,emotionalandpersonalitytraits,mentaldisorders,andvariouscognitiveabilitiesFragileXsyndromean
7、inheriteddevelopmentaldisability,isduetoadefectintheXchromosomeGENES&EVOLUTION(CONT.)Evolutionofthehumanbrain1859CharlesDarwinpublishedtheOriginofSpeciesTheoryofEvolutionsaysthatdifferentspeciesarosefromacommonancestorandthatthosespeciesthatsurvivedwerebestadaptedtomeetthedemandso
8、ftheirenvironmentp69SKULLSIZESTUD
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