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1、从高考看学习定语从句应注意的几个问题纵览近五年来的高考试题就不难发现定语从句仍是考查的重点和难点之一。主要考查了一下几个知识点:1.关系代词和关系副词的用法2.非限制性定语从句(特别是先行词是整个句子时)3.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句4.关系代词as的用法(特别是as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时的区别)5.对于表地点和时间的先行词的模糊化一.关系代词和关系副词的用法如.1.(2009,上海)Mozart'sbirthplaceandthehousehecomposed'TheMagicFlute9arebot
2、hmuseumsnowA.whereB.whenC.thereD.which句意:莫扎特的出生地以及他谱写TheMagicFlutJ所使用的房子现在都成了博物馆。Thehouse在后面的定语从句中作地点状语,故用where引导定语从句。2.(2009,湖南)IwasbominNewOrleans,Louisiana,acitynamewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.A.whichB.ofwhichC.thatD.whose句意:我出生在路
3、易斯安娜州的新奥尔良,这座城市的名字让我们联想到一幅冇着漂亮的树和绿草的图画。先行词是city,代入定语从句后为:Thecity'snamewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.由此可见,先彳亍词在定语从句屮作定语,故用whose.解题要领:1•根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词。请谨记下表:指人主语宾语that/whothat/who(m)可省略where在从句屮作地点状语关系代词whose主语安语that/whichtha
4、t/which可省略whose关系副词henhy讪在从句作时间状语在从句作原因状语2.当先行词指物吋,许多A)先行词的重复如:1)Thisisthehousewhichmyfatherbuiltj_tfiveyearsago.(误)析:which在从句中代替thehouse,所以应去掉it。2)Thatisthefactorywheremyfatherworkedthere.(误)析:关系副词where已在从句中代替factory,所以应删除thereoB)从句中的主谓不一致女口:1)Thosewhobreaksrul
5、eshouldbepunished.析:在定语从句中,如果关系代词在从句中作主语,从句中的谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词的单复数形式。所以在上句中的breaks应该为breako2)Hewastheonlyoneofthestudentswhowerelatethismorning.析:在定语从句中,如先行词为结构oneof+n俊数吋,且关系代词在从句中作主语,从句的谓语动词由该复数名词决定,既谓语动词用复数。但当该结构被theonly/very修饰关系代词作主语时,从句中的谓语动词永远用单数形式。所以该句屮的were改
6、为wasoC)关系代词混用女口:1)Allwhichyouhavedoneisnotnecessary.析:在定语从句中当先行词是all,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,much,none,few等时,定语从句只用that引导。所以该句屮的which改为that。2)Mysisterisalawyer,whoshewantedtobe.析:当关系代词在从句中作表语,表示身份或职业吋用whicho因此此句中的who应该为which。2)Thisisthehouse
7、,whosetheroofisunderrepair・析:注意不耍一看到后面是名词就用whose,一定要分清句意和句子结构。此句中whose和the都是限定词,所以该句中的whose应该为ofwhich或去掉the。B)从句引导词的选择不当如I:1)Heisnotthemanwhoheusedtobe2)Thatwasthereasonwhyhetoldme.3)I'11neverforgetthedaywhenwespenttogether・4)Wearelivinginthehousewhichmyfatherli
8、vedtenyearsago.析:定语从句引导词的选择主要取决于先行词和引导词在从句中所作的成分。句1)中引导词在从句中作表语而关系代词中定语从句中作表语时,定语从句只能用that引导,所以应把who该为thatQ句2)屮引导词在从句充当宾语而why只能作状语,因而应把必y该为which或that或去掉讷y。同理,句3)中when