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1、动词不定式的时态和语态一般式完成式进行式完成进行式todotohavedonetobedoingtohavebeendoing形式主动被动tobedonetohavebeendone动词不定式的作用to+动词原形主语(subject)宾语(object)表语(predicative)定语(attribute)状语(adverbial)宾补(objectcomplement)不能作谓语。主语(S)⒈不定式作主语 句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：(1)把不定式置于句首。如：Tobeateacheri
2、smyambition. (2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。Itisnotgoodtosleepduringtheclass.作表语(P)不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作。Eg：Mydreamistobeasinger.Hisjobistocatchthebadman.1.Seeingistobelieve.Toseeisbelieving.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.×√√×2.Allyouhavetodois(to)fin
3、ishthejobquickly.如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的do，用作表语的不定式可省略to作宾语(O)Eg：Wemustlearntoworkhardandtosavemoney.我们必须学会勤俭节约。Idecidetostudyhard.我决心努力学习。作宾补（Oc）Eg：MyMumdidn’tallowmetofallinlovewithher.Nobodywantsyoutodolikethat.注意：使役动词make,have,let;感官动词see,watch,observe,hear,
4、notice等后面作宾补的不定式不带to。Eg:Hisconductmademelaugh.Inoticeabeautifulgirlsithere.Ididn’taskyoutopayforthemeal.Theyhavewarnedustobecarefulofrats.不定式在下列动词后作宾语补足语时，要省略to“感觉”feel“听”hear,listento“使役动词”have,make,let“看”see,lookat,observe,watch,notice但当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原
5、：1.Theysawtheboyfallsuddenlyfromthetree.Theboywasseentofallsuddenlyfromthetree.2.MothermadeJohnwashthecarforaweek.Johnwasmadetowashthecarforaweek.作定语(A)Eg：Therearesomanywordstosay.Themantoarriveismyuncle.要来的那个人是我的叔叔。区分：动名词作定语表示正在进行Eg：Themanstandingthereis
6、myuncle.正站在那里的那个人是我的叔叔不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系：(1)表示将来的动作。(2)与被修饰词之间有主动关系Ⅳ.作定语(常常表示将来的动作)1.不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后Shewasverybusyandhadnotimetovisitherfriends.Ladiesandgentlemen,Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.2.当名词被thefirst,thelast,theonly等词以及形容词最高级修饰时eg:Shei
7、salwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.①②4.如果不定式是不及物动词,则后面需适当的介词Pleasepassmesomepapertowrite____.Shehasanicepentowrite_____.Heboughtaflatforthefamilytolive____.5.Doyouhavealettertosend?Doyouhavealettertobesent?你有信要我寄吗？你有信要寄吗？onwithin3.也可用在have…todo和thereb
8、e句型中。Thereisnoonetotakecareofher.Ihavenojewelrytowear.eg:Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.作状语1.表示目的:to/inorderto/soastoTogetsuccess,youmustworkhard.Wemustdoeverythingwecantohelpthem.Weallwentouttheclassroomtosee
