250万吨大庆原油常压塔设计

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1、摘要本次设计主要是设计原油处理量能力为250万吨/年的常压塔设计。常压塔的设计主要是依据所给的原油实沸点蒸馏数据及产品的恩氏蒸馏数据，计算产品各物性，确定切割方案，计算产品收率。参考同类装置确定塔板数、进料及侧线抽出位置，再假设各主要部位确定操作温度及操作压力，进行全塔热平衡计算。采用塔顶二级冷凝冷却和两个中段回流，塔顶取热:第一中段回流取热:第二中段取热为5:3:2，最后校核各主要部位温度都在允许误差范围内。本次设计结果表明，参数的校核结果与假设值之间误差在允许范围内，其余均在经验值范围内，本次设计就此完成。关键词：常压塔：塔板Abs

2、tractAatmosphericdistillationcolumn,whichisabletotreatmentcatacitycrudoil3Mtayear,isdesignedmainly,andatypeoftrayandaatmosphericheatingfurnagearesecondary.ThedesignoftheatmosphericdistillationcolumnisbasedonthedatumoftruepointdistillationofthecrudeoilandofEnglerdistillat

3、ionoftheproducts.The.calculationofproducts’physicalpropertyparametersandthecutconceptualandproduct’syieldsarealsobasedonthedatum.Thetraynumber,thefeedtrayandthesidestreamwithdrawingworkistoassumetheoperatingtemperatureandpressureofalltheimportantpointsofthecolumnandtomak

4、etheenergybalancecalculationforthewholecolumn.Atwo-gratecondenserisbeusedontheoverheadofthecolumn,andtwomid-pumparoundonthebody.Therateoftheenergytakenbythecondensersfromtoptobottomis5:3:2.Finaly,thetemperatureassumedshouldbecheckedup.Itisveryimportant.AtypeofF1valvetray

5、,whichavalveweighs33g,ischosen.Itsoutsidediameterdeterminedbythevapourloadofthecolumnis4m.Thetrayspacingis0.6m,sotheheightofthecolumnbodyis27m.Inthissection,themostimportantworkistocalculatethehydromechanicsperformanceandtheoperatingflexibilityoftray.Thetrayshouldbeopera

6、tedinaproperarea.Ahollowcylindricalpipefurnaceischosen.TheVIvacuumresiduumareusedasthefuel,andinthissection,theparametersoftheradiantsectionandconvectionsectioniscalculatedwiththeempiricalformulas.Theresultshowsthattheerrorsbetweenassumedvaluesandtheresultsareintherangep

7、ermittedortheresultareintherangeofempiricalvalues.SothedesigniscompletedKeyword:atmosphericdistillationcolumn;valvetray;hollowcylindricalpipefurnace..目录1文献综述11.1绪论11.2常减压装置的腐蚀11.2.1常减压装置的腐蚀机理11.2.2腐蚀的危害41.2.3腐蚀对应措施41.3我国常减压蒸馏装置存在问题61.3.1综合能耗高61.3.2分馏精度和减压拔出深度低91.4常减压装置应对

8、的举措101.4.1节能降耗101.4.2装置大型化，提高加工负荷率121.4.3提高分馏精度和减压拔出深度131.4.4优化电脱盐运行工况141.4.5推广使用阻垢技术141.5结语162设计说明书172