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1、南通聃曲丈曇毕业设计(论文)课题:复杂轴类配合件加工系科:专业:班级:姓名:指导教师:完成日期:机械丁•程系2008.5.5数控车床是目前使用最广泛的数控机床之一。数控车床主要用于加工轴类、盘类等回转体零件。通过数控加工程序的运行,可自动完成内外圆柱而、圆锥而、成形表面、螺纹和端面等工序的切削加工,并能进行车槽、钻孔、扩孔、较孔等工作。数控车床种类较多,但主体结构都是由:车床主体、数控装置、伺服系统三大部分组成。数控机床的编程方法有手工编程和口动编程两种。手工编程,编制复杂零件时,容易出错;IfIJt动编
2、程则不会发生这种情况。编程就是将加工零件的加工顺序、刀具运动轨迹的尺寸数据、工艺参数(主运动和进给运动速度、切削深度)以及辅助操作(换刀、主轴正反转、冷却液开关、刀具夹紧、松开等)加工信息,用规定的文字、数字、符号组成的代码,按一定格式编写成加工程序。数控机床程序编制过程主要包扌乩分析零件图纸、工艺处理、数学处理、编写零件程序、程序校验。机床夹具的种类很多,按使用机床类型分类,可分为车床夹具、铳床夹具、钻床夹具、铿床夹具、加工中心夹具和其他夹具等。按報动夹具工作的动力源分类,可分为手动夹具、气动夹具、液压
3、夹具、电动夹具、磁力夹具和自夹紧夹具等。关键词:数控,车床,编程,加工。CNCMachiningACNCMACHININGCNCstandsforcomputernumericalcontrol.CNCmachiningisaversatilesystemthatallowsyoutocontrolthemotionoftoolsandpartsthroughcomputerprogramsthatusenumericdata.CNCmachiningcanbeusedwithnearlyanytradi
4、tionalmachine.CNCMachiningCNCmachiningstartswithapieceofmetal,sometimescalleda"billet.”(Billet:pretentiouswordfor"lumpofmetal/1usedbymachinestsandmarketeerstoconfuseoutsiders.)Thatpieceofmetalmighthavebeencast,forged,orrolled(squeezedbetweenrollers,sortof
5、alimitedforging,onlycapableofmakingflatthingswithstraightgrainlikeaboard).Itisputintoafairlystandardmachinetool,thathashadpositionsensingandmotorsonthecontrolknobsinstalled.Thisisbasicallyjustarobotmachinist.Youusearotatingcuttingtooltocutawayallthemetalt
6、hatisn'tyourcrank.3Dmetaletch-a-sketch,withthecomputerinterpolatingsothecirclescomeoutlookingprettysmooth.Thedown-sideofCNCmachiningThereareacoupleofissues.First,itwastesalotofmetal.Thestuffremovedisjustmetalshavings,andcanonlybesoldforscrap.Bycomparison,
7、forgingusesalmostallofthemetal,exceptforalittlebitof"flash"thatseepsintothecrackbetweenthetoolandthedie.Theprocesscanbetimeconsuming一youcanremoveacoupleofcubicinchesofmetalperminute,(limitedmostlybyyourabilitytokeepthefrictionofcuttingfromoverheating,andp
8、ossiblymeltingthings.Thisisespeciallyimportantforthecuttingtool,whichmaybeseverelyweakenedifyougetittoohot,nevermindneartomelting),Apartthatis”sprawling”likeyourrightcrank,cantake10minutesormoretomake,comparedtothes