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1、西南交通大学本科毕业设计（论文）英文翻译部分年级：2010级学号：20100641姓名：秦万家专业：土木工程指导老师：蒋良潍原文:Chapter44VERTICALSLOPEINCOHESIVEMATERIALAwellknownandimportantproblemofsoilmechanicsisthecaseofaverticalcutoffinapurelycohesivematerial(0=0),asoccurswhenmakingaverticalexcavation,oraverticalslope,see
2、Figure44」.Theproblemtobeconsideredinthischapteristhedeterminationofalowerboundoranupperboundforthemaximumpossibleheighthcoftheslope,foramaterialhavingaconstantcohesivestrengthc,andaconstantvolumetricweightY.44.1LowerboundInthiscaseitisessentialthattheweightofthema
3、terialistakenintoaccount.Theequationsofequilibriumnoware孕+注0oxdzdxdzAsimpleequilibriumsystemisshowninFigure44.2,consistingofthreezones.Ontheinterfacesbetweenthezonesthenormalstressesparalleltotheseinterfacesmaybediscontinuous,withoutdisturbingequilibrium,seeChapte
4、r40.Theboundaryconditionsforthestressesarethatthenormalstressesandtheshearstressesarezero,allalongtheuppersurface.TheseconditionsareexactlysatisfiedbythestressfieldsindicatedinFigure44.2.Thisfieldcanbeconstructedbystartingtoassumethatintheentirefieldtheshearstress
5、=0.becausethisshearstressmustbezeroonthetwohorizontalboundaries,andontheverticalslope.Inordertosatisfytheconditionthatontheverticalslopethehorizontalstressaxx=0,itfollowsfromtheequationofhorizontalequilibrium,eq.(44.1)thatthisstressmustbezerothroughoutzoneI.Theexp
6、ressionsfortheverticalnormalstress(y：:=0followimmediatelyfromtheequationofverticalequilibrium(44.2)byputting(y/x=0,andusingtheboundaryconditionsatthetopofthesoil.TheexpressionsforthehorizontalstresscrvvinzonesHandIIIcanbechosenarbitrarily,buttheymustbeconstantinx-
7、direction(tosatisfyhorizontalequilibrium),andpreferablyasclosetocr::aspossible,tokeepthemaximumshearstressassmallaspossible.Bychoosingcrvv=yztheMohrcircleinzoneII，inthelowerleftpart,reducestoapoint.Thisseemstobeveryattractive,buttheconsequenceisthatinzoneIII,thelo
8、werrightpart,thedifferenceofthestressescrvv=0anda77=0isratherlarge,crvY=yz.Theverticalandhorizontalstressesareprincipalstressesinthiscase,becauseeverywh
