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1、《Tolerance》byE.M.ForsterSurelytheonlysoundfoundationforacivilizationisasoundstateofmind.Architects,contractors,internationalcommissioners,marketingboards,broadcastingcorporationswillnever,bythemselves,buildanewworld.Theymustbeinspiredbytheproperspiritinthepeopleforwhomtheyareworki
2、ng.What,though,istheproperspirit?Theremustbeasoundstateofmindbeforediplomacyoreconomicsortradeconferencescanfunction.Butwhatstateofmindissound?Herewemaybedifferent.Mostpeople,whenaskedwhatspiritualqualityisneededtorebuildanothercivilization,willreply"Love".Peoplemustloveoneanother
3、,theysay,nationsmustdolikewise,andthentheseriesofcataclysmswhichisthreateningtodestroyuswillbechecked.Respectfullybutfirmly,Idisagree.Loveisagreatforceinprivatelife;itisindeedthegreatestofallthings.Butloveinpublicaffairsdoesnotwork.Ithasbeentriedagainandagain:bytheChristianciviliz
4、ationsoftheMiddleAges,andalsobytheFrenchRevolution,asecularmovementwhichreassertedtheBrotherhoodofMan.Andithasalwaysfailed.TheideathatnationsshouldloveoneanotherorthatapersoninPortugalshouldloveanunknownpersoninPeru---itisabsurd,unreal,anddangerous.Itleadsusintoperilousandvaguesen
5、timentalism."Loveiswhatisneeded,"wechant,andthensitbackandtheworldgoesonasbefore.Thefactiswecanonlylovewhatweknowpersonally.Andwecannotknowmuch.Inpublicaffairs,intherebuildingofcivilization,somethingmuchlessdramaticandemotionalisneeded,namely,tolerance.Toleranceisaverydullvirtue.I
6、tisboring.Unlikelove,ithasalwayshadbadpress.Itisnegative.Itmeansmerelyputtingupwithpeople,beingabletostandthings.Noonehaseverwrittenanodetotolerance,orraisedastatuetoher.Yetthisisthequalitywhichwillmostbeneededafterthewar.Thisisthestateofmindwearelookingfor.Thisistheonlyforcewhich
7、willenabledifferentracesandclassesandintereststosettledowntogethertotheworkofreconstructionTheworldisfullofpeople---appallinglyfull;ithasneverbeensofullbefore,andtheyarealltumblingovereachother.Mostofthesepeopleonedoesn'tknowandsomeofthemonedoesn'tlike;doesn'tlikethecoloroftheirsk
8、ins,say,ortheshapeoftheirnoses,or
