ASHRAE.Application-1999.47 WATER TREATMENT

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1、CHAPTER47WATERTREATMENTWaterCharacteristics.............................................................47.1SuspendedSolidsandDepositationControl...........................47.7CorrosionControl...................................................................47.2Start

2、-UpandShutdownofCoolingTowerSystems................47.8ScaleControl..........................................................................47.4SelectionofWaterTreatment..................................................47.9BiologicalGrowthControl.....................

3、................................47.5Terminology..........................................................................47.11THISchaptercoversthefundamentalsofwatertreatmentandchangesthattakeplaceinnormaloperation.Withfewexceptions,someofthecommonproblemsassociatedwi

4、thwaterinheatingonlyevaporationaffectschlorideconcentration,sotheratioofandair-conditioningequipment.chloridesinawatersamplefromanoperatingsystemtothoseofthemakeupwaterprovidesameasureofhowmuchthewaterhasWATERCHARACTERISTICSbeenconcentrated.(Note:Chloridelevelswillcha

5、ngeifthesys-temiscontinuouslychlorinated.)ChemicalCharacteristicsDissolvedsolidsconsistofsaltsandothermaterialsthatcom-Whenrainfalls,itdissolvescarbondioxideandoxygeninthebinewithwaterasasolution.Theycanaffecttheformationofcor-atmosphere.Thecarbondioxidemixeswiththewa

6、tertoformcar-rosionandscale.Low-solidswatersaregenerallycorrosivebecausebonicacid(H2CO3).Whencarbonicacidcontactssoilthatcontainstheyhavelesstendencytodepositprotectivescale.Ifahigh-solidslimestone(CaCO3),itdissolvesthecalciumtoformcalciumcar-waterisnonscaling,ittends

7、toproducemoreintensivecorrosionbonate.Calciumcarbonateinwaterusedinheatingorair-condition-becauseofitshighconductivity.Dissolvedsolidsareoftenreferredingapplicationscaneventuallybecomescale,whichcanincreasetoastotaldissolvedsolids(TDS).energycosts,maintenancetime,equi

8、pmentshutdowns,andcouldConductivityorspecificconductancemeasurestheabilityofaeventuallyleadtoequipmentreplacement.watertocon