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1、《翻译理论与实践》（笔译）课程讲稿田传茂编写长江大学外国语学院2010年8月TeachingNotesonTranslationTheoryandPracticebyChuanmaoTianAugust2010Objectives：★Familiarizestudentswiththeessentialelementsintranslationstudies,suchasprinciples,process,techniques,etc.★IntroducethesimilaritiesanddissimilaritiesbetweenChineseandEnglishi
2、nmodeofthinking,cultureandlanguage.★Introducemajormethodsforlexicaltranslation.★Introducemajormethodsinsententialtranslation.★Introducesomestrategiesfordiscoursetranslation.Lecture1AnIntroductiontoTranslationTheoryandPracticeI.SignificanceII.DifficultiesIII.LearningstrategiesI.Sign迁icance
3、TEM8,GCT/postgraduateentranceexamination,CATTI/translationcertificates(translationasaprofession),graduationpaperwritingII.DifficultiesExamples：1)Hisparentcametotheschooltoseehim•(lexicalgap)他的家长来学校看他。2)Theyareentertainingwomen(linguisticambiguity)她们正在瘠待交蓉久。/她们是女捋待。3)Shewasacat・(culturalco
4、nnotation)她是_个心肠很坏的女人。4)Davidwasinaclearmajority(modeofexpression)噩然大卫属于大多教。5)Myhusbandtookthepaperstothecabinet(falsefriends/fauxamis)我的丈夫拿着大把的手纸去洗手间丫Ocabinet:washroom6)Shewasamagpie・女也是一2b(culturalconnotation/figurativemeaning)magpie:talkativeperson7)Anewdignitycreptintohiswalk.走路的姿态不知什
5、么时候开始给人种庄重的印象。/他走起路来，不觉平添了儿分尊严。(literary/figurativelanguage)8)Youaretellingme.我早知道了，不用你告诉我。(falsefriends/fauxamis)Otherdifficulties:abbreviations,wordplay,idioms,onomatopoeia,longsentences,neologisms,adszetc.翻译中一词多义/句法歧义(linguisticambiguity):Thewaterisstillinthelake・Thestormisoverthere.Th
6、emanturnedoutanimpostor,(cheat)・Helivesverynear(poor/stingy).Ifoundhimout(notathome).Johnpaintsnudes,(draw/putthepainton).Theyarerunningmates/runningdogs.在英语翻译中有许多的falsefriendsFalsefriendsexistin:commonwords,idioms,figuresofspeech,scienceEnglish・e.g.longlegs盲蜘蛛blue-stocking女学者blue-bottle青
7、蝇whitecap浪头I’I沫thesaltoftheearth社会中坚dog'sears轧件表面上的疤痕bull's-eye靶心labor分娩answerthecallofnature=gotoWCeatfortwo怀孕eatnofish对忠诚JekyllandHyde两而人[TheStrangeCaseofDr.JekyllandMr.HydebyR.L.Stevenson]letabreeze放屁catch-22无法摆脱的困境Theyaretalkingturkey.他们在坦率地交谈。(不能译：他们在谈论火鸡)Sheha
