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1、1.Introduction11.1ShipstructureAshipstructureusuallyconsistsofanetworkofplatesandsupportingstructure.ThesupportingstructureconsistsoflargemembersrunningbothlongitudinallyandtransverselyandisoftenknownastheFraming.Theshipplatingisattachedtotheframing.2TypicalTra
2、nsverseandLongitudinalStrengthMembers3Shellplating:keel,bottomplating,bilgestrake,bilgekeel,sideplating,sheerstrake,etc1.1.1StructuralcomponentsBottom:singlebottom,doublebottom,center(side)girder,center(side)keelson,bottomframe,floor,bottomlongitudinal,etcSidef
3、raming:frame,webframe,sidestringer,sidetransverse,sidelongitudinal,etcDeck:deck,deckframing,beam,deckgirder,decktransverse,decklongitudinal,webbeam,etcBulkhead:transversebulkhead,longitudinalbulkhead,horizontalgirder,verticalgirder,etcSuperstructure:poop,foreca
4、stle,deckhouse,etc4KeelAlargecenterplanegirderrunninglongitudinallyalongthebottomoftheship.PlatingThinpiecesclosinginthetop,bottom,andsidesofthestructure.Platingmakesasignificantcontributiontolongitudinalhullstrength,andresiststhehydrostaticpressureload.5Frame(
5、肋骨)Atransversememberrunningcontinuouslyfromthekeeltothedeck.Resiststransverseloads(ie-waveshittingthesideoftheship)Floor(肋板)Deepframesrunningfromthekeeltotheturnofthebilge.Framesmaybeattachedtofloors-theframewouldbethatpartabovetheturnofthebilge.6LongitudinalGi
6、rderswhichrunparalleltothekeelalongthebottomoftheship.Longitudinalsintersectfloorsatrightangles,andprovidelongitudinalstrength.StringersGirdersrunningalongthesidesoftheship.Typicallysmallerthanlongitudinals,theyalsoprovidelongitudinalstrength.7DeckBeamsTransver
7、semembersofthedeckframe.DeckGirdersLongitudinalmembersofthedeckframe.81.1.2FramingsystemsThereisacompromisebetweentherequirementsofstrengthandtheconflictingbutequallyimportantrequirementsofbuoyancy,spaceutilizationandcost.LongitudinalframingLongitudinalstrength
8、members:keel,longitudinals,stringers,deckgirders,plating9Thelongitudinalelementshaveaprimaryroleincombatingthelongitudinalbendingstress.Shipsthatarelongerthanabout300ft(91.4